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CU-Boulder GEOG 1982 - European Culture: The Question of Turkey

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European Culture: The Question of TurkeyThe Enlightenment, Modernity, and European IdentityThe Birth of the European UnionThe Goals of the EUGoals of the EUAssimilation versus AcculturationTurkey and EuropeIssues facing TurkeyEU membershipDiscussion QuestionsEuropean Culture: The European Culture: The Question of TurkeyQuestion of TurkeyThe Enlightenment, Modernity, and The Enlightenment, Modernity, and European IdentityEuropean IdentityThe Enlightenment was a European The Enlightenment was a European philosophical movement which closely philosophical movement which closely coincided with the Scientific Revolutioncoincided with the Scientific Revolution•Both movements emphasized the Both movements emphasized the role of reason, science and role of reason, science and rationality as a way of rationality as a way of understanding human behavior understanding human behavior and the natural world. and the natural world. In the political domain the emphasis on In the political domain the emphasis on reason, science and rationality reason, science and rationality emerged as a critique of the religiously emerged as a critique of the religiously dominated, oppressive politics of the dominated, oppressive politics of the middle ages.middle ages.•From this philosophy was born From this philosophy was born social/political movements like the social/political movements like the American and French revolutions, American and French revolutions, participatory democracies, and the participatory democracies, and the separation of church and state. separation of church and state. This movement continues to strongly This movement continues to strongly influence European perspectives on influence European perspectives on ‘good governance’ and economic ‘good governance’ and economic policy. Membership into the European policy. Membership into the European Union requires adherence to policies Union requires adherence to policies that reflect Enlightenment thinking. that reflect Enlightenment thinking.The Birth of the European UnionThe Birth of the European UnionThe European Union emerged out of the The European Union emerged out of the European Economic Community (EEC), European Economic Community (EEC), which was formed in 1958. which was formed in 1958. •Its goal was to ensure peace through Its goal was to ensure peace through greater economic integration.greater economic integration.•Original countries included: Belgium, Original countries included: Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, France, Italy, and West Germany. Followed Italy, and West Germany. Followed by 5 episodes of expansion to by 5 episodes of expansion to include Denmark, Ireland, the UK, include Denmark, Ireland, the UK, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Austria, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Austria, Finland, and Sweden.Finland, and Sweden.In 1992, a treaty enlarging the concept In 1992, a treaty enlarging the concept of the EEC to that of the European Union of the EEC to that of the European Union was signed at Maastricht, Netherlands. was signed at Maastricht, Netherlands. In 2004 the EU accepted 10 new In 2004 the EU accepted 10 new members: Cyprus (not including the members: Cyprus (not including the Turkish controlled north), the Czech Turkish controlled north), the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Slovenia. •Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey have Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey have formally applied for membership. Their formally applied for membership. Their membership has been frustrated by membership has been frustrated by resistance within Europe and within their resistance within Europe and within their own borders.own borders.The Goals of the EUThe Goals of the EUEconomic and Social Integration of Economic and Social Integration of EuropeEurope•Through the elimination of tariffs Through the elimination of tariffs and passports people, goods, and passports people, goods, and money should be able to and money should be able to easily move throughout the easily move throughout the European Union.European Union.This should lower transaction This should lower transaction costs for doing business in costs for doing business in the region; allow countries the region; allow countries with small population with small population growth, like France and growth, like France and Germany, to acquire Germany, to acquire necessary labor; and to necessary labor; and to increase income equality increase income equality around the region. around the region. •Through the creation of a Through the creation of a common currency businesses common currency businesses can lower transaction costs can lower transaction costs across Europe, travel between across Europe, travel between countries will become cheaper, countries will become cheaper, and Europe will be able to and Europe will be able to exercise greater global economic exercise greater global economic influence through monetary influence through monetary policies. policies.Goals of the EUGoals of the EU To serve as a geopolitical counter To serve as a geopolitical counter weight to the US.weight to the US.•The United States’ decision to The United States’ decision to preemptively attack Iraq led preemptively attack Iraq led European leaders to adopt a global European leaders to adopt a global intermediary and peacekeeping intermediary and peacekeeping role in order to curtail the US’s role in order to curtail the US’s future reliance on such military future reliance on such military solutions. solutions. •The North Atlantic Treaty The North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Initially designed to Organization: Initially designed to serve as a counterweight to Soviet serve as a counterweight to Soviet Expansion, the end of the cold war Expansion, the end of the cold war has redefined NATO’s role in global has redefined NATO’s role in global politics. politics. Original members included Original members included The US, Canada, Western The US, Canada, Western Europe and Turkey.Europe and Turkey.NATO is considered an NATO is considered an important precursor to the EU. important precursor to the EU. So why has Turkey’s So why has Turkey’s membership into the EU been membership into the EU been so contentious?so contentious?Assimilation versus AcculturationAssimilation versus


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