Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18World Regional GeographyWorld Regional GeographyFebruary 8, 2010February 8, 2010Reading: Marston Chapter 3pages 108-142Goode’s World Atlaspages 180-188Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka PeninsulaRussian Political SubdivisionsRussian Political Subdivisions•Oblasts (46)Oblasts (46)•Republics (21)Republics (21)•Autonomous Oblasts (1)Autonomous Oblasts (1)•Autonomous Okrugs (4)Autonomous Okrugs (4)•Krais (9)Krais (9)•Federal Cities (2)Federal Cities (2)Population DensityPopulation Density• West / SouthwestWest / Southwest• Moscow / St. PetersburgMoscow / St. PetersburgPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation CharacteristicsRegionRegionPopulationPopulation(Millions)(Millions)Birth Birth RateRateDeath Death RateRateNatural Natural IncreaseIncrease(%)(%)Net Net MigratioMigration Raten RateProjected Projected Pop. Change Pop. Change (2050)(2050)RussiaRussia14214212121515-0.3-0.322-18%-18%RegionRegionIMRIMRTFRTFR% Pop % Pop <15<15% Pop% Pop>65>65Life Life ExpectancyExpectancyMaleMaleFemaleFemaleRussiaRussia991.51.515151414686861617474RegionRegionHIV/AIDS %HIV/AIDS %% Urban% UrbanGNI PPPGNI PPP(US$)(US$)RussiaRussia1.11.1737315,63015,630Natural Population ChangeNatural Population ChangeNet MigrationNet MigrationLife ExpectancyLife ExpectancyPopulation PyramidPopulation Pyramid•Male/Female Male/Female differencesdifferences•World War IIWorld War II•Post U.S.S.R. trendsPost U.S.S.R. trendsRegional Population ChangeRegional Population Change•Out-migrationOut-migration•Late 19Late 19thth century century •Bolshevik RevolutionBolshevik Revolution•Internal migration Internal migration •Soviet era – people encouraged to spread out Soviet era – people encouraged to spread out across the empire for economic and cultural across the empire for economic and cultural reasons.reasons.•Return migrationReturn migration•25 million Russians in the former Soviet republics 25 million Russians in the former Soviet republics (1989).(1989).•Brain-drainBrain-drain•Many of Russia’s most educated are leaving.Many of Russia’s most educated are leaving.Russian MigrationRussian Migration% Russian Ethnicity% Russian EthnicityCulture & EthnicityCulture & Ethnicity•92 distinct ethnic groups.92 distinct ethnic groups.•Western Russia: primarily Slavic peoples.Western Russia: primarily Slavic peoples.•Central/Eastern Russia: Turkic, SlavicCentral/Eastern Russia: Turkic, SlavicCulture & EthnicityCulture & EthnicityRussian ExpansionRussian Expansion•Contiguous territorial expansion.Contiguous territorial expansion.•Land/subjects for economic purposes.Land/subjects for economic purposes.•Warm-water port.Warm-water port.•Protection.Protection.The Soviet Empire / U.S.S.R.The Soviet Empire / U.S.S.R.•Socialist (Bolshevik) revolution.Socialist (Bolshevik) revolution.•Tsarist agricultural / industrial policy.Tsarist agricultural / industrial policy.•Lenin’s vision.Lenin’s vision.•Egalitarian philosophyEgalitarian philosophy..•Equal rights for all nations.Equal rights for all nations.•Soviet Socialist Republics.Soviet Socialist Republics.•Federal system.Federal system.•Stalin’s Russia.Stalin’s Russia.•United Soviet identity.United Soviet identity.•Suppression of national identities.Suppression of national identities.•Expansion (WWII)Expansion (WWII)Satellites States / The Iron CurtainSatellites States / The Iron CurtainThe Soviet Empire / U.S.S.R.The Soviet Empire / U.S.S.R.•State socialismState socialism•HousingHousing•Social planningSocial planning•Collectivization Collectivization •State ownership of economic apparatus.State ownership of economic apparatus.•Command economy & central planning.Command economy & central planning.•Industrialization & GrowthIndustrialization & Growth•Territorial production complexes.Territorial production complexes.•What was the impetus for growth?What was the impetus for growth?•““Secret cities” and grand schemes.Secret cities” and grand schemes.•Soviet success.Soviet success.Cold War / End of the EmpireCold War / End of the Empire•1950 - 19891950 - 1989•Cold War dominates international politicsCold War dominates international politics•U.S.S.R. represents alternative to capitalismU.S.S.R. represents alternative to capitalism•End of the EmpireEnd of the Empire•Economic stagnationEconomic stagnation•Failure to deliver consumer goodsFailure to deliver consumer goods•Spread of informationSpread of information•Regional inequalitiesRegional
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