Class 5b: Population and MigrationMigration basicsPull and push factorsInternational migrationInternal migrationInternal migrationVoluntary or forcedWhere to?Where to?Where to?Where to?U.S. Immigration and CaliforniaClass 5b: Population and Migration• Push and pull factors• Types of migration• Determining destinationsMigration basics• Long-distance change of residence and “activity space”• Pull and push factors• International or internal• Voluntary or forced• Affects both receiving and sending placesPull and push factors• Pulls: economic opportunity, natural resources, climate, freedom• Pushes: war or conflict, natural disaster, population pressure• Political or economic trends• Changes in life cycle or career cycleInternational migration• 3% of world population• Wide range of push and pull factors• Major cultural and political impacts• Remittances to home countryInternal migration• From one region or state to anotherInternal migration• Rural to urban migration– Push: land or income shortage– Pull: jobs• Historically goes with industrialization• Population shift in developing countriesVoluntary or forced• Voluntary: free choice• Forced: not your choice–Slavery– Refugees– RedevelopmentWhere to?• Hierarchy of destination decision-making• Different scales mean different factors– Country– Region or city– NeighborhoodWhere to?• Migration field: for a given place, where people tend to come from and go to– Distance or accessibility– Cultural or social similarity– Personal contactsWhere to?• Channelized migration: historical patterns matter• Great Migration (1890-1920)– 500,000 African-Americans– Economic/social push– Economic pull– North to South and rural to urbanWhere to?• Return migration: back to place of origin• Up to 25% of all migrants• Unsuccessful trip, or the goal all along• Guestworkers: intended to be temporaryU.S. Immigration and California• Unrestricted immigration till 1880s• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882• National Origins Act of 1924• 1934 restrictions on Filipinos• Bracero program of 1942-1964• Today, preference to families or skilled
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