Class 5b: Population and MigrationMigration basicsSlide 3Pull and push factorsSlide 5Slide 6International migrationSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Internal migrationSlide 21Voluntary or forcedSlide 23Where to?Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28U.S. Immigration and CaliforniaSlide 30Class 5b: Population and Migration•Push and pull factors•Types of migration•Determining destinationsMigration basics•Long-distance change of residence and “activity space”•Pull and push factors•International or internal•Voluntary or forced•Affects both receiving and sending placesPull and push factors•Pulls: economic opportunity, natural resources, climate, freedom•Pushes: war or conflict, natural disaster, population pressure•Political or economic trends•Changes in life cycle or career cycleInternational migration•3% of world population•Wide range of push and pull factors•Major cultural and political impacts•Remittances to home countryU.S. 11%California 26.2%California 26.2%Sacramento Co. 16.1%Sac. Co. 16.1% Folsom 2.5%Fruitridge 39.6%New EnglandPlymouth, MAJamestown, VAHarlemSchuylkill, NYHolland, MIBaton Rouge, LASault Ste. Marie, MIFond du Lac, WIGermantown, PAFrankfort, KYNew Berlin, WINew Uppsala, WIBergen, MNDenmark, IALittle Italy (NY, SF)Pulaski Ave. (Chi)Ukrainian Village (Chi)Internal migration•From one region or state to another1998-1999 (thousands)Internal migration•Rural to urban migration–Push: land or income shortage–Pull: jobs• Historically goes with industrialization• Population shift in developing countriesVoluntary or forced•Voluntary: free choice•Forced: not your choice–Slavery–Refugees–RedevelopmentWhere to?•Hierarchy of destination decision-making•Different scales mean different factors–Country–Region or city–NeighborhoodWhere to?•Migration field: for a given place, where people tend to come from and go to–Distance or accessibility–Cultural or social similarity–Personal contactsWhere to?•Channelized migration: historical patterns matter•Great Migration (1890-1920)–500,000 African-Americans–Economic/social push–Economic pull–North to South and rural to urbanWhere to?•Return migration: back to place of origin•Up to 25% of all migrants•Unsuccessful trip, or the goal all along•Guestworkers: intended to be temporaryU.S. Immigration and California•Unrestricted immigration till 1880s•Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882•National Origins Act of 1924•1934 restrictions on Filipinos•Bracero program of 1942-1964•Today, preference to families or skilled
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