Office Hours Today 10 00 11 00AM Wednesday October 26 11 Human Evolution Wednesday October 26 11 Human Evolution from the Perspective of a Non Human Primate Wednesday October 26 11 Outline Where in the Tree of Life do humans fit Humans are strange apes Review highlights of fossil record Out of Africa hypothesis Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 You are Here Bacteria Red Algae Plants Wednesday October 26 11 Fly Ascidian Vertebrata You are Here Bacteria Red Algae Plants Fly Ascidian Vertebrata Phyrangeal gill slit notochord Blastula stage 9 2 Flagellum Eukaryotic Cell Universal Genetic Code Wednesday October 26 11 You are Here Lamprey Wednesday October 26 11 Shark Tuna Lungfish Frog Amniota You are Here Lamprey Shark Tuna Lungfish Frog Amniota Limbs Muscularized fins Ossified bones Jaws Vertebrae Wednesday October 26 11 You are Here Reptilia Wednesday October 26 11 Platypus Kangeroo Eutheria You are Here Reptilia Platypus Kangeroo Eutheria Vivipary Dentary squamosal jaw hair Egg with aminiotic fluid and membrane Wednesday October 26 11 You are Here Murphy et al 2001 Wednesday October 26 11 Humans are apes Absence of a tail More erect posture Relatively larger brains Greater flexibility in hips and ankles Lots of molecular evidence Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Humans 23 pair of chromosomes Chimps Gorillas 24 pairs of chromosomes Wednesday October 26 11 C H G H C G 1 24 1 62 1 63 Intronic 0 93 1 23 1 21 Pseudogenes 1 64 1 87 2 14 X chromosome 1 16 1 47 1 50 Y chromosome 1 68 2 33 2 78 Synonymous 1 11 1 48 1 64 Nonsynonymous 0 80 0 93 0 90 Amino acid 1 34 1 58 1 65 Noncoding intergenic Coding Sequences Wednesday October 26 11 Humans are strange apes Bipedal Large brains Less body hair Less sexual dimorphism Technology Wednesday October 26 11 Bipedalism Large Brains Less Sexual Dimorphism Bipedalism Less Sexual Dimorphism Large Brains Large Brains Bipedalism Less Sexual Dimorphism Large Brains Less Sexual Dimorphism Bipedalism Less Sexual Dimorphism Large Brains Bipedalism Less Sexual Dimorphism Bipedalism Large Brains Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Hominids Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 4 3 mya Adaptation to heavily masticated diets Australopithecus established 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 2 7 mya Homo clade established Oldowan technology and large mammal butchery 4 3 mya Adaptation to heavily masticated diets Australopithecus established 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 1 8 mya First expansion from Africa 2 7 mya Homo clade established Oldowan technology and large mammal butchery 4 3 mya Adaptation to heavily masticated diets Australopithecus established 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 600 kya 1 8 mya Neanderthal clade established First expansion from Africa 2 7 mya Homo clade established Oldowan technology and large mammal butchery 4 3 mya Adaptation to heavily masticated diets Australopithecus established 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 160 kya Anatomically modern Homo sapiens 600 kya Neanderthal clade established 1 8 mya First expansion from Africa 2 7 mya Homo clade established Oldowan technology and large mammal butchery 4 3 mya Adaptation to heavily masticated diets Australopithecus established 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 30 kya Neanderthals go extinct 160 kya Anatomically modern Homo sapiens 600 kya Neanderthal clade established 1 8 mya First expansion from Africa 2 7 mya Homo clade established Oldowan technology and large mammal butchery 4 3 mya Adaptation to heavily masticated diets Australopithecus established 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 After that Western Hemisphere colonized Darwin visits Galapagos Homo sapiens threatens global diversity 30 kya Neanderthals go extinct 160 kya Anatomically modern Homo sapiens 600 kya Neanderthal clade established 1 8 mya First expansion from Africa 2 7 mya Homo clade established Oldowan technology and large mammal butchery 4 3 mya Adaptation to heavily masticated diets Australopithecus established 6 mya Last common ancestor with chimpanzee Hominid clade Ardipithecus established 8 15 mya Planet of the apes Barcelona to Yunnan Namibia to Hungary real species diversity No hominids mya millions of years ago kya thousands of years ago Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Ardipithecus Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday October 26 11 Wednesday
View Full Document
Unlocking...