General Genetics Exam 1 Name ___________________________Multiple Choice (Choose the one best answer) (1 pt.)1. _____ Starting with a P generation with the following genotypes (AABB x aabb). Based on classical Mendelian inheritance, what is the expected phenotypic ratio observed among the F2 progeny? a) 9:3:3:1 b) 1:2:1 c) 3:1 d) 1:1 e) 1:1:1:12. _____ The technique used to separate molecules on the basis of their different rates of movement in an electric field is known as ____. a) gel electrophoresisb) gradient centrifugationc) ultracentrifugationd) Southern hybridizatione) PCR3. _____ In a cross of a yellow hybrid pea with a true breeding yellow parent (Gg x GG), what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring? a) Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominantb) Half yellow, half greenc) All heterozygousd) All yellow 4. _____ Having an attached earlobe results from an autosomal recessive allele designated a. Two parents with unattached earlobes have a child with attached earlobes. What is the probability that their next child will have attached earlobes? What isthe probability that the next child will be a girl with attached earlobes? a) 1/2; 1/4 b) 1/4; 1/2 c) 1/4; 1/8 d) 1/8; 1/4 5. _____ Start with a P generation with the following genotypes (AABB x aabb). If A = long fur and a = short fur and B = Long tail and b = short tail, what phenotypic class would be observed in the highest proportion in the F2 generation? a) long fur, short tailb) long fur, long tailc) short fur, short taild) short fur, long tail6. _____ The process of producing a RNA polymer from a DNA template is called __. a) replicationb) transcriptionc) translationd) duplication7. _____ What is the probability that on three flips of a coin, heads will occur on two flips and tails on one? a) 1/4 b) 1/2 c) 3/16 d) 3/88. _____ Starting with a cross between parents (P generation) with BB and bb genotypes, the proportion of heterozygotes in the F2 progeny will be ___. a) 1/8b) 1/4c) 1/3d) 1/2e) All heterozygotes9. _____ In crosses involving two different unlinked traits, the ratio 9:3:3:1 indicates ___. a) Codominanceb) Independent assortmentc) Intermediate dominanced) Three alleles for each trait10. _____ The chemical bonds in DNA by which the sugar components of adjacent nucleotides are linked through the phosphate groups are called ____ bonds. a) phosphodiesterb) hydrogenc) hydrophobicd) hydrophilice) ionic11. _____ What genotype is present most often among the progeny (F2) of a dihybrid cross (AaBb X AaBb)? a) AaBb b) AABb c) AABB d) aabb e) AAbb12. _____ Which of the following is not an essential attribute that a biological molecule would need to be a useful genetic material? a) It must carry all of the information needed to direct the specific organization and metabolic activities of the cellb) It must replicate accurately so that the information it contains is precisely inherited by the daughter cellsc) It must be capable of undergoing occasional mutations, such that the information it carries is altered in a heritable wayd) It must have highly repetitive DNA sequences.e) All are essential attributes of useful genetic material.13. _____ In a F1 dihybrid cross (WwGg X WwGg) where W = round, w = wrinkled, G = yellow and g = green, what is the probability of obtaining an individual that is round, green and true-breeding for both traits? a) 1/16 b) 1/2 c) 9/16 d) 3/16 e) 1/414. _____ The basic structure of a nucleotide includes the following components: a) amino acidsb) tryptophan and leucinec) base, sugar, phosphated) mRNA, rRNA, tRNAe) phosphorous and sulfur15. _____ The sequence of one strand of DNA is 5' - GATCGA - 3'. The sequence of the complementary strand would be a) 5' - AGCTAG - 3' b) 5' - TCGATC - 3' c) 5' - CTAGCT - 3' d) 5' - GCTAGC - 3'e) 5' - GATCGA - 3'16. _____ What ratios (genotypic or phenotypic) typically result from crosses dealing with a single genetic locus? a) 9:3:3:1, 1:2:1b) 1:1:1:1, 1:4:6:4:1c) 3:1, 1:1, 1:2:1d) 9:7, 12:3:1e) 15:1, 1:217. _____ Probabilities are calculated using the addition rule when they ___. a) are equally likely b) are independent c) are mutually exclusive d) occur disproportionately 18. _____ Mr. and Mrs. Granger are "normal" Muggles (non-magical) but their daughter Hermione has magical powers. Theythink this is pretty cool and would like to have another child with magical powers. Assuming that magical powers is a classical Mendelian trait, what is the probability that their next child will be another girl with magical powers? a) 1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/8 d) 3/4 e) 3/819. _____ Mr. and Mrs. Granger from the previous question soon learn that Mrs. Granger is pregnant with dizygotic twins. What is the probability that one of them will have magical powers? a) 1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/8 d) 1/16 e) 1/6420. _____ Considering the structure of double stranded DNA, what kinds of bonds hold one complementary strand to the other? a) ionicb) covalentc) Van der Waalsd) hydrogen21. _____ Probabilities are calculated using the multiplication rule when they ___. a) Are equally likelyb) Are independentc) Are mutually exclusived) Occur disproportionately22. _____ Genotype is to DNA as phenotype is to a) Genotypeb) Proteinsc) Expressivityd) RNAe) Mutation23. _____ A variety of rose can have white or red flowers and long or short thorns. A cross between red, short-thorned roses and white, long-thorned roses produce all red, short-thorned roses. Using the gene symbols W for red, w for white, L for short-thorned and l for long-thorned, what would be the genotype of a white, long-thorned rose? a) WWLLb) wwLLc) wwlld) not enough information24. _____ In the previous question (question 23) how many different gametes will a white, long-thorned rose produce? a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 1625. _____ In question 23, how many different gametes will the F1 roses produce?a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 826. _____ What would be the dimensions of a Punnett square for the cross Ww x ww? a) 4 x 4b) 2 x 2c) 2 x 1d) 1 x 127. _____ The Hershey and Chase experiment which offered evidence in support of DNA being the genetic material in bacteriophage made use of the following labeled components a) phosphorous and sulfurb) nitrogen and oxygenc) tritiumd) hydrogen28. _____ Microbiologist who used Streptococcus pneumnia to demonstrated that DNA was the