BioSc 231 General Genetics Exam 4 Name __________________________________Multiple Choice. (2 points each)_____ Turner syndrome in humans is caused by which chromosomal conditions?A. 47, XXYB. 47, 21+C. 45, XD. 47, XYYE. triploidy_____ Clusters of highly repetitive DNA located near the centromeres and telomeres are called A. NucleosomesB. EuchromatinC. ChromatidsD. HeterochromatinE. 30 nm chromatin_____ Which histone protein is present as a monomer within the nucleosome and is not a part of the core particle?A. H1B. H2AC. H2BD. H3E. H4_____ E. coli genomic DNA differs from a eukaryotic chromosome in that E. coli DNAA. Has a single centromereB. Has telomeresC. Is circularD. Does not undergo supercoiling_____The genes coding for histones are repeated several times throughout the eukaryotic genome. These genes would be described as A. Highly repetitive DNAB. Unique sequencesC. HeterochromatinD. TransposonsE. Middle repetitive DNA_____ A chromosome with its centromere in the middle is a A. Submetacentric chromosomeB. Metacentric chromosomeC. Acrocentric chromosomeD. Telocentric chromosome_____ Mosaicism is due toA. X-inactivationB. chromosome duplicationC. chromosome deletionD. somatic mutationsE. gametic mutations_____47,XXY is a condition known asA. Trisomy-X syndromeB. Klinefelter syndromeC. Turner syndromeD. Double-Y syndromeE. Fragile-X syndrome_____ A wild-type chromosome can be represented as ABC * DEFGH, and from this a chromosomal aberration arises that can be represented AED * CBFGH. This is known as(* = centromere)A. Deletion B. Pericentric inversionC. Translocation D. Paracentric inversionE. Duplication_____ A female Drosophila supposedly heterozygous for two recessive mutations cn and lz that are on the same arm of the X chromosome (cn lz/+ +) surprisingly expresses boththese genes. The male progeny of the female will beA. all wild type B. all cn lz C. 1/2 cn lz and 1/2 wild type D. cn + E. + lz_____ When an organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes but not a complete haploid set, the conditions is known asA. polyploidyB. euploidyC. aneuploidyD. triploidy_____ It was once thought that the ____ karyotype was related to criminal disposition because it led to aggressive behavior due to excessive "maleness".A. XOB. XYC. XXYD. XYY_____ A set of Drosophila deletions in chromosome 2 was assembled as follows (the lines indicate the region that has been deleted)Regions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a ________ b _________________ c ____________ d _________ e ___________ f __________A geneticist clones a gene from chromosome2 and wants to use the deletions to identify where the gene is located on chromosome 2. They use a radioactive DNA fragment containing their gene of interest and try to hybridize the DNA fragment to the chromosomal DNA from each mutant. The radioactive DNA fragment only bound to chromosomal DNA from mutants a and f. The gene must be in the region betweenA. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 4 and 5 E. 5 and 6_____ Pollen from one species germinates on the stigma of another related species and sexually fertilizes the ovule. Most of the resulting plants are sterile but some of the resulting offspring undergo chromosome duplication resulting in fertile plants. The fertile offspring are known asA. hexaploidB. autopolyploidC. monoploidD. diploidE. allopolyploid_____ In a mammal how many inactivated X chromosomes (Barr bodies) would be present in cells of individuals who were XXX?A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3E. 4_____ When an allotetraploid is backcrossed to one of its progenitor species, a sterile progeny is produced. Thegenomic composition of this sterile individual can be best represented by (where n1 and n2 represent the haploid genomes of each progenitor species)A. n1 + n2B. 2n1 + 2n2C. 2n1 D. 2n2E. 2n1 + n2_____ Euploidy isA. a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid numberB. an example of aneuploidyC. a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number D. the addition of an extra copy of a particular chromosomeE. the absence of a particular copy of a chromosome_____ The basic diploid chromosome number in pumpkins is 16. A new species of pumpkin is found that has four complete sets of the chromosomes found in the 16 chromosome species. This species is said to beA. haploidB. diploid C. triploidD. tetraploidE. pentaploid_____ Consider a species with a diploid (2n) number of 14 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in a trisomic body cell?A. 13B. 14C. 15D. 21E. 28_____ Consider a species with a diploid (2n) number of 40 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in a monoploid body cell?A. 10B. 20C. 41D. 39E. 40_____ How many different trisomics could be formed in a plant with a diploid number of 10?A. 5B. 10C. 11D. 9E. 20_____ When an organism gains or loses a complete monoploid set of chromosomes, the conditions is known asA. polyploidyB. euploidyC. aneuploidyD. triploidyE. trisomyShort Answer (2 points each)What happens when monoploid plant cells are treated with colchicine?What is the name of the process of staining the chromosomes from a metaphase cell and arranging the chromosomes according to their length and centromere placement?Why is polysomy more harmful than polyploidy?How many Barr bodies would you expect to see in the cells of a person who has the condition 47, XXY?Why are centromeres and telomeres required for chromosomes to be genetically stable?Why is topoisomerase necessary during replication of the E. coli chromosome?Explain why there is usually a single gene in the genome for a particular protein (i.e. an enzyme involved in a biosynthetic pathway) whereas genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and tRNA are repeated many times?Recessive alleles a, b, c, d, e, f and g are closely linked but their order is unknown. A set of 7 deletions are usedto determine the gene order as revealed by the genes uncovered by each deletion. The genes uncovered by each mutation are as follows:1 – a and b2 – a, b and e3 – b and c4 – c5 – d and f6 – d, f and g7 – e, f and gWhat is the order of the genes?Bonus (4 points) Describe the structure of eukaryotic chromatin from the basic building blocks to the compact structure found in metaphase cells. Include all proteins involved in forming the structure and all intermediate structures.Please circle two topics that you would most like to cover over the last section of the course.Bacterial