BioSc 231 General Genetics Exam 2 Name __________________________________Multiple Choice. (4 points each) ____ In a complementation test the number of complementation groups indicatesA. the number of genes required for a specific phenotypeB. the penetrance of a phenotypeC. the number of phenotypes for a geneD. the number of chromosomes in an organismE. the quantity of gene product required for a phenotype _____ A plant of genotype C D/C D is crossed to c d/ c d and the resulting F1 testcrossed to c d/c d. If the genes are unlinked, the percentage of c D recombinants will beA. 10%B. 25%C. 30%D. 40%E. 50% _____ In Drosophila the alleles for brown and for scarlet eyes (resulting from two independent genes) interact sothat the double homozygous recessive is white. A pure-breeding brown (BBss) and pure breeding scarlet (bbSS) (P generation) are crossed. What proportion of the F2 will be white?A. 1/4B. 3/4C. 1/16D. 7/16E. 9/16_____ The Arabidospis genes gr and een are linked, 30 map units apart. If a plant gr+ een/gr een+ is testcrossed,what proportion of the progeny will be gr een/gr een?A. 0.03B. 0.15C. 0.20D. 0.50_____ In humans, the unlinked dominant alleles, P and B, are both required for normal development of the cochlea and the auditory nerve, respectively. Either of the recessive alleles, p and b, can result in deafness due to impairment of these essential parts of the ear. Which of the following sets of parents would produce all hearing children?A. PPbb x ppBBB. PpBb x PpBbC. Ppbb x PpBbD. PpBb x PPBb_____ In sweet peas, the two allelic pairs C, c and P, p are known to affect pigment formation in the flowers. The dominants, C and P, are both necessary for colored flowers - absence of either results in white. A dihybrid plant with colored flowers is crossed to a white one which is heterozygous at the “c” locus. What are the genotypes of these two plants?A. CcPp and CcppB. CCPP and CcppC. ccpp and CcppD. CcPp and ccppE. CcPp and ccPp _____ Assume that an additional allelic pair in sweet peas also affects pigment formation in addition to the genes mentioned in the previous question. The presence of the dominant R allele is required for red flowers andthe recessive r allele produces yellow flowers. Which of the following genotypes would result in red flowers?A. CcPpRrB. CcppRRC. CcPPrrD. ccPPRRE. CcppRR_____ In a complementation test A. mutations that complement are allelicB. mutations that complement belong to the same complementation groupC. mutations that complement are in two different genes required for the wild-type phenotypeD. mutations that are allelic are required for complementation _____ A person who has type AB blood hasA. A antigens on the cell surfaceB. B antigens on the cell surfaceC. both A and B antigens on the cell surfaceD. no surface antigens _____ In crossing overA. Genetic exchange occurs before chromosome replicationB. The probability of its occurrence decreases with increasing distance between the genes exchangedC. Occurs more frequently between two loci very close togetherD. The reciprocal exchange between homologous chromosomes is random _____ A dihybrid cross results in a phenotypic ratio of 12:3:1. This type of ratio most likely results from A. incomplete dominanceB. co-dominanceC. epistasisD. co-penetranceE. variable penetranceShort Answer. (variable points)Two-point testcrosses revealed the following map results:br__________ir 9 map unitsir___________cs 5 map unitsA. Draw the two possible maps for these loci. (8)B. What other cross would resolve the two possible maps and what are the possible outcomes of that cross? (4)(8) The table to the right shows the results of a series ofexperiments to determine the sequence of intermediates in abiochemical pathway. 4 independent auxotrophic mutantswhich all require compound E (an amino acid) as a nutritionalsupplement were analyzed with 4 compounds that areprecursors in the synthesis of compound E. Each mutant wasgrown on a minimal medium supplemented with each of theindicated compounds. + indicates growth that is supported bythe indicated precursor. Using the diagram below, show theorder of the intermediates in the pathway and indicate whichstep in the pathway is catalyzed by each mutant by placing theletter representing the appropriate compound in each box andthe number of the appropriate mutant in each circle.Compound TestedMutantA B C D E1 -- -- -- -- +2 + + -- + +3 -- + -- -- +4 + + -- -- +(8) In pumpkins, jack-o-lantern shaped fruit (o) is recessive to round shaped fruit (o+). Branching vines (s) is recessive to simple vines (s+). In the P generation, plants from two different pure-breeding lines are crossed. One variety bears round fruit and has simple vines. The other variety has jack-o-lantern fruits and branched vines. The resulting F1 plants were testcrossed and the following 240 progeny were obtained:72 - round, simple48 - jack-o-lantern, simple54 - round, branched66 - jack-o-lantern, branchedCalculate the chi-square and P values based on the prediction that the genes are not linked. (chart is on the last page)(12) In corn, the genes m, s and t are linked. The data given below summarize the result of 1000 offspring froma three-point testcross. From the data, construct a map showing the genes in the correct order and indicating thedistances between each pair of genes.m+ s+ t+ 310m s t 295m s+ t 77m+ s t+ 70 m+ s t 119m s+ t+ 108m s t+ 12m+ s+ t 9(12) Based on the complementation data below, A) how many complementation groups exist, and B) which mutations belong to each group? (+ = complementation, -- = no complementation)MutationMutation1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 --2 + --3 -- + --4 + + + --5 + + + -- --6 + -- + + + --7 -- + -- + + + --8 + + + + + + + --9 + + + + + + + -- --10 + -- + + + -- + + + --Bonus Question (5 pts) An Arabidopsis thaliana flowering mutation has been generated in the Columbia (Col)line. The mutant line was then crossed with a wild-type Landsberg erectus (Ler) line to generate the F1 generation. The F1 generation was allowed to self to produce the F2 generation. F2 plants that displayed the mutant phenotype were assayed using the CAPS system to identify a molecular marker that is linked to the mutant flowering gene. Two markers from each of the five Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes were tested. The results of those tests were as follows.Which marker is linked to theflowering mutation?Marker Name Chromosome # with Ler Markers# with Col Markersm 235 1