BioSc 231 General Genetics Exam 5 Name __________________________________Multiple Choice. (2 points each)_____ When an organism gains or loses one of more chromosomes but not a complete haploid set, the conditions is known asA. polyploidyB. euploidyC. aneuploidyD. triploidyE. trisomy_____ It was once thought that the ____ karyotype was related to criminal disposition because it led to aggressive behavior due to excessive "maleness".A. XOB. XYC. XXYD. XYYE. YY_____ Differing sizes of restriction fragments produced from the alleles of a gene constituteA. a southern blotB. an allozymeC. identification of a geneD. a restriction fragment length polymorphism_____ Which of the following is NOT necessary in order for a population to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?A. random matingB. high rate of migrationC. large population sizeD. allele frequencies are the same in males and females_____ In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium the frequency of the allele for Hartnup disease is 0.008. What percentage of thepopulation is homozygous for this allele?A. 0.064%B. 0.0064%C. 0.008%D. 99%E. 0.01%_____ In a population with two alleles, B and b, the frequency of b is 0.56. What would be the frequency of the heterozygotes, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?A. 0.55B. 0.36C. 0.71D. 0.31E. 0.49_____ Which of the following processes does not contribute to changing allele frequencies in populations?A. mutationB. inbreedingC. migrationD. natural selectionE. genetic drift_____ Enzyme that cleaves DNA at sequence-specific sites is calledA. DNA polymeraseB. ligaseC. restriction endonucleaseD. sticky endsE. cDNA_____ DNA termini without overhangs produced by endonuclease digestion are calledA. cohesive terminiB. sticky endsC. blunt endsD. oligonucleotidesE. none of the above_____ Which enzyme functions to synthesize RNA from a DNA template?A. DNA polymeraseB. RNA polymeraseC. reverse transcriptaseD. ligaseE. endonuclease_____ Which vector element below can accept the largest DNA fragment in cloning experiments?A. plasmidB. bacteriophage lambdaC. YACD. cosmid_____ To prepare clones representing expressed genes from a eukaryotic cell, you would mix total cellular mRNA withA. reverse transcriptaseB. RNA polymeraseC. DNA polymeraseD. integraseE. RNAse_____ Polyploid plants found in nature usually have even numbers of chromosomes because organisms having odd numbers A. exhibit altered mitosisB. are unable to asexually reproduceC. exhibit altered growthD. have low fertilityE. are not viable_____ Pollen from one species germinates on the stigma of another related species and sexually fertilizes the ovule. Most of the resulting plants are sterile but some of the resulting offspring undergo chromosome duplication resulting fertile plants. The fertile offspring are known asA. hexaploidB. autopolyploidC. monoploidD. diploidE. allopolyploid_____ In a mammal how many inactivated X chromosomes (Barr bodies) would be present in cells of individuals who were XXX?A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4_____ When an allotetraploid is backcrossed to one of its progenitor species, a sterile progeny is produced. The genomic composition of this sterile individual can be best represented byA. n1 + n2B. 2n1 + 2n2C. 2n1 D. 2n2E. 2n1 + n2_____ Euploidy isA. a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid numberB. an example of aneuploidyC. a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number D. the addition of an extra copy of a particular chromosomeE. the absence of a particular copy of a chromosome_____ Calico cats have a patchwork pattern of yellow and black spots. This pattern is an example of A. somatic mutation B. dosage compensationC. mitotic segregationD. all heterozygotes display this phenomenon regardless of sexE. mosaicism_____ The basic diploid chromosome number in Poinsettia is 16. A new species of Poinsettia is found that has four complete sets of the chromosomes found in the 16 chromosome species. This species is said to beA. haploidB. diploid C. triploidD. tetraploidE. pentaploid_____ Consider a species with a diploid (2n) number of 10 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in a trisomic body cell?A. 9 B. 10 C. 11 D. 20 E. 21_____ Consider a species with a diploid (2n) number of 20 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in a monoploid body cell?A. 10 B. 20 C. 21 D. 19 E. 40_____ How many different trisomics could be formed in a plant with a diploid number of 20?A. 10 B. 20 C. 21 D. 19 E. 40_____ Mosaicism is due toA. X-inactivationB. chromosome duplicationC. chromosome deletionD. somatic mutationsE. gametic mutations_____ A collection of plasmids containing foreign DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism is called a(n)A. transgenic B. cDNA C. clone D. vector E. libraryProblems (3 points each)You want to design an oligonucleotide probe to identify a clone containing a new enzyme that you purified. You determine that the amino terminal sequence of your enzyme is:M C F Y M D WWhat should be the sequence of the oligonucleotide probe? Indicate redundancy by putting all possible nucleotides for a particular position in parenthesis.In a restriction mapping experiment using the plasmid PST, you cleave the circular plasmid with the individual restriction enzymes XbaI, Asp718, BamHI, and EcoRI individually and in combination with one another and obtain restriction products of teh sizes shown below:Enzyme(s) used Sizes of DNA fragments produced (bp)BamHI, EcoRI, XbaI 3,000, 1,550Asp718, BamHI, XbaI 3,000, 2,500, 600Asp718, BamHI 5,500, 600Asp718, XbaI 3,600, 2,500BamHI, XbaI 3,100, 3,000Asp718 6,100BamHI 6,100XbaI 6,100Using the above data, make a restriction map of the PST plasmid indicating distances between adjacent restriction sites.Bertie is married to Matilda, who was previously married to Wynton, now deceased. Wynton and Matilda conceived one child together and adopted one child. Bertie and Matilda have also conceived one child. All members of Matilda's current family have had DNA fingerprinting done at a single VNTR locus. Unfortunately, the cheet that identified each child has been misplace. Identify which fingerpring in each lane (in lanes 5, 6, and 7) correspond to each child.Berti3 and Matilda's conceived child Child ____Wynton and Matilda's conceived child Child ____Wynton and Matilda's adopted child Child ____To the right is a hypothetical autoradiogram of a dideoxy sequencing gel. What is the sequence of the gene fragment?