BioSc 231 General Genetics Exam 5 Name __________________________________Multiple Choice. (1 points each)_____ Which of the following is unique to eukaryotic gene expression?A. 5' polyadenylation of mRNAB. Polycistronic mRNAC. Coupled transcription-translationD. Removal of intronsE. Polysomes_____ Which of the following statements is true regarding gene expression?A. The 3' end of mRNA corresponds to the carboxyl terminus of the proteinB. The first step is the association of mRNA with an intact ribosomeC. Involves proof-reading of the mRNAD. Prokaryotic RNA usually undergoes nuclear processingE. Polypeptides are synthesized by addition of amino acids to the amino terminus_____ Which of the following features is common to both DNA replication and transcription?A. Nucleotides are added to the 5' end of the newly synthesized strandB. A sugar-phosphate bond is formed between the 3' hydroxyl and the 5' phosphateC. Deoxyribonucleotides are incorporated into the growing sequenceD. Both RNA and DNA polymerase require oligonucleotide primingE. Both RNA and DNA polymerase initiate at promoter sequences_____Transcriptional activatorsA. Do not require RNA polymerase to initiate transcriptionB. Do not bind directly to DNAC. Are essential for positively regulated gene transcriptionD. Are short DNA sequences that increase expression of nearby genesE. Are necessary for constitutive gene expression_____Constitutive gene expression refers to A. Constant, unregulated expressionB. Polycistronic mRNAC. Coupled transcription/translationD. Mutant repressor that no longer responds to inducerE. Gene expression following addition of inducer_____ Which of the following statements is true?A. tRNAs are charged by binding to the ribosomeB. The anticodon of a tRNA hydrogen bonds to a codon.C. There are more distinct tRNAs than codonsD. All bases that can hydrogen bond are possible in the third positionE. tRNA has a 5' triphosphate_____ Which of the following is unique to prokaryotic gene expression?A. Coupled transcription-translationB. Exon processingC. 3' polyadenylationD. mRNA cappingE. Promoter sequences_____ Which of the following is true regarding gene expression?A. Only one gene can be present within a given DNA sequenceB. Mistakes in transcription are corrected by RNA polymeraseC. The ribosome binding site lies at the 3' end of mRNAD. A change in genotype always results in a changed phenotypeE. A second round of transcription can begin before the preceding transcript is completed_____ Which of the following is true regarding RNA processing?A. Spliceosomes are present in organelles and nucleiB. Involves removal of exonsC. Involves removal of one or more introns.D. Occurs in prokaryotesE. None of the above_____ Which of the following occurs only in prokaryotes?A. TATA boxesB. Self-terminating transcriptionC. Polycistronic mRNAD. Coordinate gene regulation_____A negatively regulated genetic systemA. Is more common in eukaryotesB. Requires an effector molecule acting at the promoterC. Is derepressed by an inducerD. Is completely off when repressor protein is present E. All of the above_____ To describe the genetic code as degenerate indicates that A. mRNA is rapidly degradedB. The code is not universal among organismsC. Some amino acids have more than one codonD. Frameshift mutations are toleratedE. Stop codons may have corresponding tRNA molecules_____A positively regulated genetic systemA. Is derepressed by inducerB. Is more common in prokaryotesC. Must override an inhibitorD. Is stimulated when protein bound with inducer interacts with the promoterE. All of the above_____Which enzyme cleaves lactose to glucose and galactose?A. LactaseB. Glucose synthetaseC. -lactamaseD. -galactosidaseE. -glucosidase_____The product of the lacI gene A. Is cis-dominantB. Cannot be complementedC. Induces lac operon transcriptionD. Binds to the operatorE. Transports lactose into the cell_____ Normal self-termination of transcription occurs due to the presence of A. stem-loop sequences in mRNAB. Termination proteinsC. Multiple RNA polymerase moleculesD. Polyribosome formation_____Which of the following statements is true regarding tryptophan biosynthesis?A. It is controlled by attenuation and not repression B. Translation controls transcriptionC. A high tRNATrp concentration stalls translation at the ribosomeD. Tryptophan synthesis is regulated differently in eukaryotes and prokaryotesE. It is non-inducible_____Which of the following mutations may give rise to constitutive gene expression?A. Activator mutationsB. Operator mutationsC. RNA polymerase mutationsD. Enhancer mutations_____The lac inducer enables transcription by binding to A. ActivatorB. LactoseC. RNA polymerasesD. Repressor E. Operator_____ Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic mRNA?A. Polyadenlyation of the 3' end of mRNAB. Rapid turnover of mRNAC. Removal of introns to form mature messageD. Formation of lariat structuresE. Capping of the 5' mRNA terminus_____The corepressor of tryptophan biosynthesis is A. tRNATrp B. TryptophanC. TryptophanaseD. Tryptophan attenuator_____ Which of the following is true regarding the machinery of translation?A. Initiation usually begins at an AUG codonB. Eukaryotes have nuclear ribosomesC. Polycistronic mRNA usually has a single ribosome binding siteD. tRNAs released from the ribosome are degradedE. Termination is at inverted repeats_____The blastula is A. A stage in embryonic development marked by cell migration B. An infolded hollow ball of cellsC. An unfertilized eggD. A ball of about 104 cells containing a cavityE. A fertilized egg with no cleavage divisions_____ An autonomous developmental restrictionA. is determined by genetically programmed changes in the cellsB. is imposed by the position of cells in the embryoC. is mediated by physical interaction between cellsD. is mediated by morphogens_____ Mutations that cause cells to undergo developmental fates characteristic of other types of cells are calledA. execution mutationsB. transformation mutationsC. transfection mutationsD. Programmed cell death _____ Genes that function in the mother that are needed for development of the embryo are calledA. zygotic genesB. developmental early genesC. gap genesD. maternal-effect genes _____ Genes that control early development through their expression in the embryo are calledA. zygotic genesB. developmental early genesC. gap genesD. maternal-effect genes_____ The coordinate genes are maternal-effect