The Reproductive SystemIntro to reproductive systemAnatomy of MaleTestesDuct System EpididymusDuct System Ductus Deferens – vas deferensDuct System UrethraAccessory Glands Seminal VesiclesAccessory Glands ProstateAccessory Glands Bulbourethral GlandsSemenExternal GenitaliaAnatomy of FemaleOvariesDuct System Fallopian TubesDuct System UterusDuct System VaginaSlide 18Mammary GlandsResult of ReproductionThe EndThe Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive SystemChapter 16Chapter 16Intro to reproductive systemIntro to reproductive systemAll other systems act continuously, but All other systems act continuously, but reproductive doesn’t come online time pubertyreproductive doesn’t come online time pubertyGonads – testes and ovaries, primary sex organsGonads – testes and ovaries, primary sex organsGonads – produce gametes and secrete sex Gonads – produce gametes and secrete sex hormoneshormonesMales – spermMales – spermFemales - ovaFemales - ovaAccessory reproductive organsAccessory reproductive organsJoint purpose of male and female reproductive Joint purpose of male and female reproductive system is to produce offspringsystem is to produce offspringAnatomy of MaleAnatomy of Male11° organ are testes (gonads)° organ are testes (gonads)Exocrine function - sperm producingExocrine function - sperm producingEndocrine function - testosteroneEndocrine function - testosteroneAccessory structures are ducts or glands Accessory structures are ducts or glands that deliver sperm to body exterior or that deliver sperm to body exterior or female reproductive tract.female reproductive tract.TestesTestesScrotumScrotum - skin - skinTunica albugineaTunica albuginea – fibrous – fibrous connective tissues connective tissues surrounds each tetissurrounds each tetisExtends into testis and Extends into testis and divides into lobulesdivides into lobules1-4 1-4 seminiferous tubulesseminiferous tubules in in each lobuleseach lobulesSperm forming factoriesSperm forming factoriesRete testisRete testis -> -> epididymis epididymis (first part of duct system)(first part of duct system)In soft conn. Tissue In soft conn. Tissue surrounding seminiferous surrounding seminiferous tubules are interstitial cells tubules are interstitial cells secrete testosteronesecrete testosteroneFigure 16.1Duct SystemDuct SystemEpididymusEpididymusHighly coiled tube – about Highly coiled tube – about 20ft20ftPart of duct systemPart of duct systemStorage site for immature Storage site for immature sperm entering from testissperm entering from testisSperm travel takes about 20 Sperm travel takes about 20 days, maturing, gain ability days, maturing, gain ability to swimto swimEjaculation – walls contract Ejaculation – walls contract to expel sperm into next to expel sperm into next part of duct systempart of duct systemFigure 16.2bDuct SystemDuct SystemDuctus Deferens – vas deferensDuctus Deferens – vas deferensRuns from testis over bladderRuns from testis over bladderEnclosed by connective tissue Enclosed by connective tissue sheath called spermatic cord sheath called spermatic cord with blood vessels and nerveswith blood vessels and nervesEmpties into ejaculatory duct – Empties into ejaculatory duct – passes through prostate to passes through prostate to merge with urethra.merge with urethra.Ejaculation – smooth muscle in Ejaculation – smooth muscle in wall create peristaltic waves wall create peristaltic waves move spermmove spermVasectomy – ties off vas Vasectomy – ties off vas deferens in scrotumdeferens in scrotumSterile?Sterile?Testosterone?Testosterone?Figure 16.2aDuct SystemDuct SystemUrethraUrethraLast part of duct systemLast part of duct system3 regions3 regionsProstatic urethra – surrounded Prostatic urethra – surrounded by prostateby prostateMembranous urethra Membranous urethra Spongy (penile) urethra –length Spongy (penile) urethra –length of penisof penisCarries both urine and Carries both urine and sperm, but never at same sperm, but never at same timetimeEjaculation – sperm enter Ejaculation – sperm enter prostatic urethra from prostatic urethra from ejaculation ducts, bladder ejaculation ducts, bladder sphincter constricts, no sphincter constricts, no sperm in bladder, no urine in sperm in bladder, no urine in ejaculateejaculateAccessory GlandsAccessory GlandsSeminal VesiclesSeminal VesiclesBase of bladderBase of bladderProduce 60% of seminal Produce 60% of seminal fluid, fluid of semenfluid, fluid of semenThick, yellow secretion rich Thick, yellow secretion rich in fructose, Vit C, in fructose, Vit C, prostaglandins and others prostaglandins and others – nourish and activate – nourish and activate sperm as passsperm as passJoins with vas deferens to Joins with vas deferens to form ejaculatory ductform ejaculatory ductSperm and seminal fluid Sperm and seminal fluid enter urethra togetherenter urethra togetherAccessory GlandsAccessory GlandsProstateProstateSits under bladder, Sits under bladder, encircles upper encircles upper urethraurethraSecretes milky fluid Secretes milky fluid helps activate spermhelps activate spermWhat happens when What happens when enlarged?enlarged?Prostate cancer 3Prostate cancer 3rdrd most common cancer most common cancer in menin menAccessory GlandsAccessory GlandsBulbourethral GlandsBulbourethral GlandsSecrete clear, thick Secrete clear, thick mucus drains into mucus drains into penile urethrapenile urethra11stst to pass down to pass down urethra when man urethra when man excitedexcitedCleanses urethra of Cleanses urethra of acidic urine and acidic urine and lubricant during lubricant during intercourseintercourseSemenSemenMilky white - sperm and gland secretionsMilky white - sperm and gland secretionsLiquid – transport medium for nutrients Liquid – transport medium for nutrients and chemicals support spermand chemicals support spermFructose provides most of energyFructose provides most of energyAlkaline 7.2-7.6 pH to counteract acidity of Alkaline 7.2-7.6 pH to counteract acidity of vagina 3.5-4 pHvagina 3.5-4 pHEjaculate is normally 2 to 5 ml, but 50-150 Ejaculate is normally 2 to 5 ml, but 50-150 million sperm, acts a dilutantmillion sperm, acts a dilutantExternal GenitaliaExternal GenitaliaPenis – delivers sperm Penis – delivers sperm into female