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RCC AMY 10 - Skeletal System II

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Skeletal SystemComponents of the Skeletal SystemFunctions of BonesClassification of BonesClassification based on ShapeStructure of a Long BoneSlide 7Microscopic Anatomy of Long BoneSlide 9Bone Formation, Growth, and RemodelingOssificationBone Growth - LengtheningBone Growth - WideningBone RemodelingSlide 15Bone FracturesBone RepairAxial Skeleton Bones of SkullCranium BonesFacial Bones and DamageInfant vs Adult SkullVertebral ColumnVertebral ColumnHerniated DiscsAbnormal Spine CurvaturesThoracic CageRibsAppendicular Skeleton Shoulder GirdleUpper LimbsPelvic GirdleLower LimbsJointsSlide 33Slide 34Diseases of the JointsOsteoarthritisRheumatoid Arthritis (RA)Gouty ArthritisThe EndSkeletal SystemSkeletal SystemChapter 5Chapter 5Components of the Skeletal Components of the Skeletal SystemSystemSkeleton subdividedSkeleton subdivided–Axial Skeleton-Axial Skeleton-longitudinal axis of bodylongitudinal axis of body–Appendicular Skeleton-Appendicular Skeleton-limbs and girdleslimbs and girdlesSkeletal System Skeletal System includesincludes–Joints – 3 typesJoints – 3 types–Cartilages – 3 typesCartilages – 3 typesHyaline, Fibrocartilage, Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, ElasticElastic–Ligaments – bone to boneLigaments – bone to bonehttp://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/skeleton.htmlFunctions of BonesFunctions of BonesSupportSupport: framework: frameworkProtectionProtection: protect soft body organs: protect soft body organsexamples?examples?Movement: Movement: skeletal muscles attached to skeletal muscles attached to bones via tendonsbones via tendonsStorageStorage: fats in the internal cavities of bones : fats in the internal cavities of bones and minerals such as Caand minerals such as Ca++++ and Phosphorus. and Phosphorus.Blood cell formationBlood cell formation: hematopoiesis (blood : hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) – marrow cavities of some cell formation) – marrow cavities of some bones.bones.Classification of BonesClassification of BonesTwo types of Two types of osseous tissueosseous tissue–Compact bone-Compact bone-dense, smooth, dense, smooth, homogeneoushomogeneous–Spongy bone-Spongy bone-needlelike pieces of needlelike pieces of bone and lots of bone and lots of open space.open space.http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/276196/101316/Longitudinal-section-of-the-humerus-showing-outer-compact-bone-andClassification based on Classification based on ShapeShapeFour groups Four groups 1) 1) Long bonesLong bones – longer than – longer than wide, shaft with heads at both wide, shaft with heads at both ends, mostly compact bone, all ends, mostly compact bone, all bones of limbs except patella, bones of limbs except patella, wrist, anklewrist, ankle2) 2) Short bonesShort bones – cube shaped, – cube shaped, mostly spongy, wrist, ankle, mostly spongy, wrist, ankle, sesamoid bonessesamoid bones3) 3) Flat bonesFlat bones – thin, flattened, – thin, flattened, usually curved, outer layers of usually curved, outer layers of compact bone sandwich compact bone sandwich spongy, skull, ribs, sternumspongy, skull, ribs, sternum4) 4) Irregular bonesIrregular bones – don’t fit – don’t fit previous categories, hip bones, previous categories, hip bones, vertebrae vertebrae http://www.aclasta.co.nz/osteoporosis/index.htmStructure of a Long BoneStructure of a Long BoneDiaphysis Diaphysis - shaft- shaftPeriosteum Periosteum - fibrous connective - fibrous connective tissue membranetissue membraneEndosteumEndosteumSharpey’s fibers -Sharpey’s fibers - perforating perforating fibers connect periosteum to fibers connect periosteum to boneboneEpiphyses Epiphyses - ends, compact bone - ends, compact bone enclosing spongyenclosing spongyArticular cartilageArticular cartilage - covers - covers epiphyses, glassy hyaline epiphyses, glassy hyaline cartilage-decreases frictioncartilage-decreases frictionEpiphyseal lineEpiphyseal line - adult bones, - adult bones, epiphyseal plate in growing epiphyseal plate in growing bones, hyaline cartilage, growth, bones, hyaline cartilage, growth, replaced by bone in pubertyreplaced by bone in pubertyhttp://www.curehandpain.com/images/bone/long_bone.gifStructure of a Long BoneStructure of a Long BoneMedullary cavity – Medullary cavity – 1) adults - yellow marrow1) adults - yellow marrow2) infants – red marrow2) infants – red marrow- in adults red marrow - in adults red marrow confined to spongy bone of confined to spongy bone of flat bones and epiphyses of flat bones and epiphyses of some long bonessome long bonesBone Markings – Table 5.1 Bone Markings – Table 5.1 projections vs depressionsprojections vs depressionsex. Trochanter, Foramenex. Trochanter, Foramenhttp://www.curehandpain.com/images/bone/long_bone.gifMicroscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of Long BoneLong BoneOsteocytes – mature Osteocytes – mature bone cellsbone cellsLacunae – cavities Lacunae – cavities where osteocytes where osteocytes foundfoundLamellae – circles Lamellae – circles lacunae foundlacunae foundHaversian canals – Haversian canals – center of lamellaecenter of lamellaeOsteon – lamellae + Osteon – lamellae + Haversian canalHaversian canalCanaliculiCanaliculiVolkmann’s canalsVolkmann’s canalshttp://www.octc.kctcs.edu/GCaplan/anat/images/Image269.gifMicroscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of Long BoneLong BoneOsteocytes – mature Osteocytes – mature bone cellsbone cellsLacunae – cavities Lacunae – cavities where osteocytes where osteocytes foundfoundLamellae – circles Lamellae – circles lacunae foundlacunae foundHaversian canals – Haversian canals – center of lamellaecenter of lamellaeOsteon – lamellae + Osteon – lamellae + Haversian canalHaversian canalCanaliculiCanaliculiVolkmann’s canalsVolkmann’s canalshttp://education.vetmed.vt.edu/curriculum/vm8054/labs/Lab8/IMAGES/OSTEON%20AND%20INTERSTITIAL%20SYSTEM.jpgBone Formation, Growth, Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodelingand RemodelingSkeleton formed Skeleton formed from bone and from bone and cartilagecartilageEmbryos vs young Embryos vs young childrenchildrenCartilage remains Cartilage remains in nose, parts of in nose, parts of ribs, jointsribs, jointsOssificationOssification – bone – bone


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RCC AMY 10 - Skeletal System II

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