6 20 13 SCHIZOPHRENIA Most severe disorder Split mind Thought disorder Affects about 2 million people 1 more men then women 14 are homeless Onset in transition to adulthood SCHIZOPHRENIA Positive symptoms Delusions fixed false belief Hallucinations perception in the absence of stimulus Disorganized speech Disorganized behavior Negative symptoms Catatonia Affective flattening Alogia Apathy SCHIZOPHRENIA Main Subtypes Paranoid Disorganized Catatonic Brain abnormalities Enlarged ventricles cushion and nourish the brain Decrease in activation of the amygdala and hippocampus Less active frontal lobes While this enlarges other areas shrink temporal lobes Neurotransmitter differences Dopamine Hypothesis overuse of dopamine in the brain Genetic influences 1 6 20 13 DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Dissociation Sudden temporary changes in consciousness or self identity Dissociative amnesia Dissociative Fugue Suffering from amnesia and suddenly fleeing to a new location with a new personality DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder Two or more identities living within the same person Each identity has its own memories feelings experiences Strongly associated with trauma 2 6 20 13 SOMATOFORM DISORDERS Characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury BUT the symptoms cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition a substance or another mental disorder i e panic disorder Ex Conversion Disorder Numbness or blindness without physiological cause Thought to arise in response to difficulties in patient s life DEVELOPMENTAL AND LEARNING DISORDERS Autism Spectrum Disorders Learning Disabilities AUTISTIC DISORDER Severe deficits in Language Social bonding Imagination Usually accompanied by mental retardation Genetic influences play a prominent role Some have believed it is due to vaccines in childhood Symptoms usually become most apparent beginning at age 2 3 Asperger s less severe form of Autism 3 6 20 13 ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ADHD Difficulties with attention over activity impulsivity or a combination Inattentive Hyperactive Combined Hard time focusing vs hyper focusing Beginning at or before age 7 years Chronic disorder Affects 3 5 of children worldwide ADHD vs BIPOLAR Early onset Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis has increased tremendously Lots of controversy 60 90 of children with bipolar disorder also have ADHD Merely severe symptoms of ADHD Can look the same AXIS II PERSONALITY DISORDERS 4 6 20 13 PERSONALITY DISORDERS ODD ECCENTRIC DRAMATIC ERRATIC ANXIOUS FEARFUL PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER Interpreting others behavior as suspicious not trustworthy shifty eyes Expect others to have hidden motives Inability to work with others Social isolation Detached Hostile SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER Indifference to relationships Flat emotional response Loners Rarely in long term relationships Vivid internal fantasies 5 6 20 13 HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER Excessive emotionality Attention seeking Excessive need for approval Inappropriately seductive behavior Lively dramatic vivacious flirtatious NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER Self importance delusions of grandeur Need for perfection constant attention admiration Lacks empathy Devaluation of others Why Insecurity Shame ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER Deceitfulness Disregard for others Lack of conscience Superficially charming Lack of anxiety empathy and remorse Famous people with APD Charles Manson Ted Bundy 6 6 20 13 BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER Unhealthy attachments Inability to regulate emotions Instability in various areas of life Suicide attempts NSSI I hate you don t leave me Unstable relationships Extreme self destructive behaviors Lack of psychological integration black and white thinking History of abuse neglect NARCISSISTIC ANTISOCIAL PD Charles Manson Put in jail for a variety of things Manipulated others to kill for him DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER Depend on others to meet their emotional needs Don t trust themselves May withstand unhealthy treatment of others in order to maintain a close relationship One of most common personality disorders Begins in childhood 7