Lecture Outline:What is personality? - Individuals enduring patterns…..- Of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors- Expressed in different circumstances.- Traits, not stateTheories of Personality- How we describe and explain those enduring patterns- Pre-psychological- Trait theory- Cognitive-social theory- Psychodynamic theory- Humanistic theoryPersonality before psychology: - Balance of humors-blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm- Determines personality: o Sanguineo Cholerico Phlegmatico MelancholicTrait Theory- Traits are enduring patterns across context- Observed traits stem from enduring patterns of internal processesExtroversion-Introversion- Sociable and risk taking versus socially inhibited and cautiousNeuroticism-Emotional Stability- Anxious and moody versus emotionally stablePsychoticism-Impulse control- Antisocial and impulsive versus empathic and in controlThe BIG 5- OCEANo Opennesso Conscientiousnesso Extraversiono Agreeablenesso NeuroticismCognitive Social theory- Behavioral emphasis on learning- Congitive focuses on RELEVANT situations. Focuses on beliefs, expectation, and information processing in response to RELEVANT situations- Assumes humans are essentially rational- Assumes humans are self-regulatingPsychodynamic Theories of Personality- Sigmund Freud et allo Eriksono Jung- Loving and aggressive instincts (Freud).o We’re driven to fight and to fornicate like other primateso Civilization leads us to be discontent- Clinical Foundationo Personality as one big symptom (Freud).Freud: We’re barely conscious- Consciousness and rationality are only the surface.- Unacceptable wishes lead to anxiety- Personality as the individual’s characteristic ways of defending against anxietyFreud’s structural Models of personality:- -Id: infantile mind; at birtho Seat of instincts- -Ego: learning, planning; maintain psychic homeostasiso Meditates wishes and reality- -Superego: internalized parents; conscience and Ego idealso ProhibitsPersonality as which agency typically dominates thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.Freud’s developmental model- Personality as fixation at a certain stage- Stages are defined according to erogenous zones- Personality developed by early middle childhoodJung’s Personality Theory3 types- Introverted-extraverted- Sensing-feeling- Intuitive-thinkingo Personal and collective unconsciousHumanistic theory- Self actualization: We are EACH innately disposed to strive toward positive growth- Conditions of worth and unmet needs get in the way- “The client knows the best.”Maslow’s hierarchy of needsPersonality assessment:Why assess? - Vocational- what jobs best suitMethods of personality assessment:Observation and interviewingSelf
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