Ch. 12 Psychological Disorders- What Defines a Psychological Disorder?o Unusualo Faulty interpretation of societyo Personal Distresso Self defeatingo Dangerous- Classifying Psychological Disorderso Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Observable behaviors List of symptoms Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)o Many revisions- Prevalenceo Affect a wide variety of peopleo 50_ million Americanso Ages 25 to 45o NIMH 1 in 4 adults; 1 in 5 children- Anxiety Disorders- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Phobias Specific Phobias- Excessive fear of objectso Claustrophobia Social Phobia- Fear of scrutiny or humiliation Agoraphobia- Fear of places where there might be no escapeo Panic Disorder Abrupt attack of anxiety Physical symptoms Series of attackso Generalized Anxiety Disorder Persistent Anxiety- Number of stressors- Free Floating Physical symptoms- Tension- Irritability- Insomnia- Shakiness- Sweatingo Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessions- Recurrent thought- Anxiety-provoking- Cannot control Compulsion- Thoughts or behaviors that reduce anxiety- Irresistible urge- Repeat an act or ritualistico Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Anxiety due to a traumatic event- Helplessness, horror or intense fear_- Re-experiencing- Hyper-Arousal- Avoidanceo What Causes Anxiety Disorders? Learning Theory- conditioned- Modeled Cognitive Theory- Biases in thinking Biological Theory- genetic- Twin Studies- Dissociative Disorderso Sudden, _temporary__ change in consciousness or identityo Dissociative Amnesiao Dissociative Fugueo Dissociative Identity Disorder- Dissociative Amnesiao Memory loss Explicit episodic memorieso Trauma- Dissociative Fugueo Loss of memory of past lifeo _Physical flight to new locationo Forget identityo Typically shorto _No memories of events during the fugueo Usually follows stressor- Dissociative Identity Disordero Multiple personalities Can be very different from one another Three Faces of Eve- Somatoform Disorderso Physical Complaintso Belief of illnesso No medical evidence- Conversion Disordero Loss of functioning ______________o Indifference La belle indifference- Hypochondriasiso ____________________o ____________________- Theoretical Viewso ___________________________o ___________________________- Schizophrenia- Prevalenceo Worst disorder o _______% of the population worldwideo Early onseto Chronic- What does Schizophrenia Look Like?o Positive Symptoms ________________________o Negative Symptoms ________________________ ________________________- Stupor Absent or inconsistent emotional responseso Cognitive Symptoms _______________, Attention, Communication- Delusions and Hallucinationso Delusion _________________________________- Delusionso Persecution __________________________- Delusionso Grandeur _________________________ - Delusionso Reference __________________________- Hallucinationso __________________________o _______________________o _______________________- Types of Schizophreniao Paranoid Delusions of:- ______________- ______________- ______________ Think people are “out to get them”- Types of Schizophreniao Disorganized Disorganized behavior and thoughts Disorganized delusions and hallucinations Very inappropriate emotions ________________________- Types of Schizophreniao _____________________ Motor impairment Waxy flexibility- Causeso L__________ Theoryo B__________ Theoryo Prefrontal cortexo Hereditaryo Difficulties at birtho Neurotransmitters D_________________- Mood Disorders- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Prevalence Most common disorders ____-_____% within any given year 1 in 6 during lifetime 2X more likely in __________- Estrogen- Major Depressiono Emotional disturbanceo ________________________________________________o Symptoms _____________________ _____________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ______________________- Dysthymic Disordero Chronico mild depression- Diagnosis- _________ years in adults - __________ year in children- Not symptom free for 2 months- ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________- Bipolar Disordero Mania ________________ _________________ _________________o Depressiono _______________________________o Mood swingsPrevalence NIMH: 5.7 million. 2.6% Equally common in men and women _________% of adolescences with recurrent depression develop Completed suicides 10-15% Bipolar I Disorder Manic or mixed episode _______________ Impairment Bipolar II Disorder ___________________ (never had manic or mixed) or ______________________________________________________ Major depression Not severe enough to cause _________________- Causeso Learning Theory _________________o Biological Theory ____________________ ____________________o Lowered Serotonin- Personality disorders- What are they?o _________ patterns of _____________o Impairingo Distressing- Paranoid Personalityo _________________________________o Thinking is intacto Mistrustful of others- Schizotypal Personalityo Peculiarities in thought, behavior, anxious in social settings, prefer to be alone, quite eccentric- Schizoid Personalityo _______________________o ________________________o ________________________- Borderline Personalityo ______________________o Lack of control over impulseso Fear abandonment- Antisocial Personalityo No feelings of guilto _______________o Punishments don’t worko Lack of attachment to otherso ___________________Personality Disorder CharacteristicsParanoid Suspicious, chronically hostile, envious,tense, lonersSchizotypal Odd mannerisms, appearances, and experiences;pervasively detached from othersSchizoid Isolated from others, with a lack of emotionalexpressionBorderline Unstable moods; impulsive behaviors; angry;lack of a coherent sense of self; interpersonalturmoilAntisocial Constantly violating rights of others; callous,manipulative, dishonest; does