BioSc 231 General Genetics Exam 1 Name Multiple Choice 1 point each The chemical bonds in DNA by which the sugar components of adjacent nucleotides are linked through the phosphate groups are called bonds A phosphodiester B hydrogen C hydrophobic D hydrophilic E ionic The basic structure of a nucleotide includes the following components A amino acids B tryptophan and leucine C base sugar phosphate D mRNA rRNA tRNA E phosphorous and sulfur Which of the following is not an essential attribute that a biological molecule would need to be a useful genetic material A It must carry all of the information needed to direct the specific organization and metabolic activities of the cell B It must replicate accurately so that the information it contains is precisely inherited by the daughter cells C It must be capable of undergoing occasional mutations such that the information it carries is altered in a heritable way D It must have highly repetitive DNA sequences E All are essential attributes of useful genetic material The presence of a with a free 3 OH group is essential for DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA since no known DNA polymerase is able to initiate chains A origin of replication B restriction endonuclease C palindrome D primer Considering the structure of double stranded DNA what kinds of bonds hold one complementary strand to the other A ionic B covalent C Van der Waals D hydrogen A is an enzyme that recognizes a short nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule and cleaves the molecule at that site A 5 3 exonuclease B 3 5 exonuclease C Taq polymerase D topoisomerase E restriction endonuclease The technique used to separate molecules on the basis of their different rates of movement in an electric field is known as A gel electrophoresis B gradient centrifugation C ultracentrifugation D Southern hybridization E PCR A involves the transfer of DNA fragments from a gel matrix to a nitrocellulose membrane where specific DNA sequences can be detected using radioactive probes A PCR reaction B restriction enzyme digest C DNA seqeuncing reaction D Southern blot In crosses involving two different unlinked traits the ratio 9 3 3 1 indicates A Codominance B Independent assortment C Intermediate dominance D Three alleles for each trait In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent Ww x WW what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring A Half heterozygous half homozygous dominant B Half round half wrinkled C All heterozygous D All round The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of alleles would be called A segregation B independent assortment C continuous variation D discontinuous variation E dominance or recessiveness What phenotypic or genotypic ratios typically result from crosses dealing with a single genetic locus A B C D E 9 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 9 7 12 3 1 15 1 1 2 The base thymine is always paired with A Adenine B Guanine C Cytosine D Thymine The sequence of one strand of DNA is 5 TCGATC 3 The sequence of the complementary strand would be A 5 AGCTAG 3 B 5 TCGATC 3 C 5 CTAGCT 3 D 5 GCTAGC 3 E 5 GATCGA 3 Starting with a cross between AA and aa in the P generation the proportion of heterozygotes in the F2 progeny will be A 1 8 B 1 4 C 1 3 D 1 2 E All heterozygotes Genotype is to DNA as phenotype is to A Genotype B Proteins C Expressivity D RNA E Mutation Starting with a P generation with the following genotypes AABB x aabb Based on classical Mendelian inheritance what is the expected phenotypic ratio observed among the F2 progeny A 9 3 3 1 B 1 2 1 C 3 1 D 1 1 E 1 1 1 1 In the previous question if A brown fur and a red fur and B straight tail and b curled tail what phenotypic class would be observed in the highest proportion A red curled tail B brown curled tail C red straight tail D brown straight tail A species of mice can have gray or black fur and long or short tails A cross between black furred long tailed mice and grayfurred short tailed mice produce all black furred long tailed offspring Using the gene symbols G for black g for gray S for long and s for short what would be the genotype of a gray furred short tailed mouse A WWSS B wwSS C wwss D WwSs E Wwss Referring to the previous question how many different gametes will the gray furred short tailed P1 mice produce A 1 B 2 C 4 D 16 To determine if an organism with a dominant phenotype is heterozygous one can perform a A reciprocal cross B dihybrid cross C test cross In the F1 dihybrid cross WwGg X WwGg in which W round w wrinkled G yellow and g green what is the probability of obtaining an individual that is round green and true breeding A 1 16 B 1 2 C 9 16 D 3 16 What genotype is present most often among the progeny F2 of a dihybrid cross AaBb X AaBb A AaBb B AABb C AABB D aabb The Hershey and Chase experiment which offered evidence in support of DNA being the genetic material in bacteriophage made use of the following labeled components A phosphorous and sulfur B nitrogen and oxygen C tritium D hydrogen Which of the following are pyrimidines A adenine and guanine B thymine and cytosine C thymine and adenine D cytosine and guanine The process of producing a RNA polymer from a DNA template is called A replication B transcription C translation D duplication The process of producing an amino acid polymer polypeptide from a RNA template is called A replication B transcription C translation D duplication The basic principle that DNA makes RNA makes protein is referred to as the A Golden rule of molecular biology B Central dogma of molecular biology C Core of molecular biology D Gene that laid the golden egg Short Answer 1 point each If one of the strands of a piece of DNA has the sequence 5 GAGCCATGGTC 3 what is the sequence of the complementary strand Label the termini as 5 or 3 Synthesis of DNA is catalyzed by an enzyme called and synthesis of RNA is catalyzed by an enzyme known as In your own words what is the meaning of the term allele If the G C content of a DNA molecule is 56 what are the percentages of all four bases A C G T In unicorn genetics silver coat color P is dominant to purple coat color p and smooth horn H is dominant to helical horn h In the cross PpHh x PpHh what fraction of the unicorns will be A Silver B Smooth Horned C Purple and helical horned D Silver and smooth horned E Purple and smooth horned Assume that you have a garden and some pea plants have solid leaves and …