HIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I Submarine Warfare II Wilson s Vision Peace without Victory III German Escalation IV American Intervention V Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points VI Treaty of Versailles 1919 VII Results of WWI VIII League of Nations Outline of Current Lecture I The Red Scare II Jazz Age III Prosperity IV Rise of Advertising Marketing V Changing Attitudes VI Celebrating Business Civilization VII Prohibition Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute I The Red Scare Americans witnesses what s happening in Europe where Communists were attempting to topple governments and the socialist party suffers due to being tied to the uprising of communist s parties The Attorney General targeted groups and immigrants were rounded up and civil rights were not respected Most didn t have ties to communism Americans began to awaken to the possibility that the actions of their government against the immigrants were just as bad as the communist takeovers in Europe 19191920 Red Scare is the paranoia fear of communism spreading that had dissipated after people seemed to realize that these takeovers began to dissipate as well II Jazz Age Jazz age 1920 1928 one of the most lasting names referencing this period Jazz found its roots in New Orleans only truly cosmopolitan city in the south at this time These various cultural influences come together in New Orleans to provide foundation of what ultimately is the only serious American born music form At its best it is on the level of European music African Americans in New Orleans use this musical art form as a an expression of frustration as a way to get through the Jim crow system also there is an entertainment side to this music Jazz was first really performed in an area of New Orleans in the Red Light District bordellos The jazz players would play music for the johns downstairs as they waited to go upstairs The musicians themselves were dissipating the frustration they felt from the Jim Crow system Ultimately its going to expand beyond new Orleans to the black diastral occurs as blacks move to northern cities by expanding African Americans living borders New Orleans to Chicago to New York to beyond The music began to develop in its own direction in all of these places and develop different genres Shortly after the turn of the century Pork and Beans by Earl Fuller in 1917 Black water blues and its development in jazz and blues S O L blues have one of the true greats of jazz Louis Armstrong and an example of Dixieland Louis Armstrong responsible for the Dixieland trumpet By the 1940s whites have transferred jazz into Big Band Jazz Jazz had evolved as an artistic musical form in the 1940s Bebop had Charley Parker and received some instruction as a young boy to play the saxophone but didn t understand that jazz was only plaid in a few keys so when he began playing in big bands he felt compelled to develop something beyond big band jazz confines In meeting after gigs the musicians would play what they wanted to and created a new form of jazz Parker was told to lay off the heroin and he didn t take the advice The medical examiner said he had the body of a 60 year old man Jazz is an integral part f the African American experience in New Orleans and then becomes an integral part of young white society They hear it on the new invention the radio they buy records and listen to the music that just a few years before would not have the ability to listen to III Prosperity WWI was actually good for the American economy after a brief downturn 1922 1929 the American economy will grow vigorously Grows at a 5 5 annual rate and grows to 227 Billion dollars GNP As far as unemployment it will never exceed 5 and real wages taking into account taxes and inflation will grow 15 Agriculture had already entered its own depression and certain sick industries will not share in this major prosperity We see the growth of a consumer society with the growth of consumer goods Automobiles tractors vacuum cleaners etc Any good that helps them go about their everyday life easier and more effectively Consumer Durables are things that are expected to last for a while like washing machines automobiles etc The number of automobiles will increase dramatically and brings about the pressure on municipalities to build paved roads and extend them beyond to the rural areas This began the building of the federal highway system Also it is going to provide the emphasis to the development of roadside eating and staying so the building of gasoline stations and road trip culture 1960s believed that they were the first generation that fought for sexual freedom There was a youth movement in the 1920s due to being able to get out of the oversight of their parents Increase in sexual activity in young generation due to automobiles The world we know today would exist without the development of automobiles We see more people in the middle class getting into the stock market and many people began to look at the stock market as a sign of overall economic health of the economy Its not directly because of the number of people invested but more so the way it is viewed IV Rise of Advertising Marketing A different way of using advertising in the 1920s General motors had come together as a corporation that brought together many auto manufacturers into one corporation Competing with Ford was difficult how do we change their minds to choose general motors General motors figures out that one way to sell a car to people that didn t need a new car is to change their minds to WHEN they should buy a new car This develops the model year concept in which they change the model from year to year to get the consumer to WANT your product Consumer desires become more important than their needs to get people to buy more products they don t need This is going to be geared toward certain sectors of the economy to see products as a personal pleasure and buying makes you feel good Advertising aimed at the middle class the newly affluent class has readily disposable income A lot of telling you how you should FEEL about the product V Changing Attitudes During the Victorian and Edwardian periods sexual activity and marriage were important to family life and the sexes didn t really mingle or recreate together This is a change in the 1920s because they are realizing the way to have