History 2620 – Exam 1 study guideRemember that ANYTHING we’ve discussed in class is fair game for the multiple choice and ID questions. There will be 25 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each, 5 identification/significance (who what where when why) questions worth 5 points each, and 1 essay worth 25 points.I. Terms to know:10 Percent Plan - when 10% of people in a state who voted in 1860 take a loyalty oath to the union, that state can come back into the union. -3 confederate states met this and they wrote new constitutions, etc. when the representatives from those states were not recognized and not given a seat by congress. Emancipation Proclamation 13th Amendment- in order to get back in these states had to agree to be done with slavery. Had to ratify it.Radical Republicans- Members of Congress who felt that the south needed to make great change in order to be readmitted into the union-Wanted to destroy the political power of slaveholders and give African American citizenship and voting rightsThaddeus Stevens (ID)- - Radical republican, congressman of Pennsylvania. - Known for supporting 13th amendment, pushing for freedman equal rights. - During reconstruction, after civil war.- Driving force behind radical republicanism in congress.Charles Sumner- Was attacked by Preston Brooks in the infamous cane incident in the senate before the civil war. He was a leader of the Radical Republicans after the Civil War.Wade – Davis Bill -congress plan for reconstructiona. Raised 10% requirement to 50% b. In order for the state to vote, you had to take an oath and swear you had never voluntarily supported the confederacy. c. Lincoln vetoed this. Created deadlock between congress and president. Test Oath Abraham LincolnAndrew Johnson-southerner. Lincoln's VP during civil war. -His change to 10% plan. 20,000 dollar clause- If you're worth 20,000 dollars or moreyou have to apply directly to Johnson for a pardon. -first president after the Civil War,President during the Reconstruction.-First President to be impeached. His plan was forgiving the Southerners and wanted them quickly back in the Union.“Black Codes” - - passed by southern states and they apply to blacks.- Applied restrictions to freedman.- State laws that restrict the rights of freedman - in southern states - after the civil war.- Significant because they showed that not a lot has changed after the war in the south.Freedman’s Bureau-set up in 1865 and supposed to last one year.-it was rechartered to run for another year and Johnson vetoed it. -He said its not fed govt job to take care of them, state govt should do it. But they won't help. Joint Committee on Reconstruction - Congress tired of Johnson making decisions on his own. The committee began devising stricter requirements for readmitting southernstates back into the union. -Six senators and nine representatives drafted the 14th Amendment and Reconstruction Acts. -The purpose of the committee was to set the pace of Reconstruction. Most were radical Republicans.Civil Rights Act, 1866- Who/What: An Act from Congress that eliminated the Dredd Scott decisionWhere: AmericaWhen: 1866Why: All people born in the U.S. are citizens14 th Amendment – granted citizenship to blacksReconstruction Acts, 1867- 14th guaranteeing citizenships to blacks and 15th which guaranteed right to vote, -Placed the South under military occupation (divided the former Confederate states into five military districts)-Increased the requirements for gaining readmission to the Union -- ex-Confederate stateshad to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and grant right to vote for all men in state constitutionsTenure of Office Act, 1867- -says only Senate can approve and fire members of the cabinet. -made to protect spy in the cabinet, baits Johnson to break the law -Congress says Andrew Johnson breaks this when he appoints Grant Sec. of war.Edwin M. Stanton Impeachment - to be formall removed from office.Benjamin Butler Ulysses S. GrantCongressional (Radical) Reconstruction- name given to period 1867-1870 when Republican dominated Congress controlled Reconstruction-era policy15 th Amendment - Granted voting rights to black males2Carpetbaggers- unflattering name for the northerners who moved to the south after the war, also known as con artists Scalawags - Republican southerners who opposed secession-often in small southern mountain counties RedeemersKu Klux Klan- The best known of the many secret white terrorist organizations. -It arose in the south in 1866 and targeted freedmen and symbols of black self-improvement and independence and played a role in reestablishing white supremacy by the late 1870s.Force Act, 1870- One of the laws enacted by the U.S. Congress that ended theactivities of the Ku Klux Klan in the south.-says its illegal to deny someone their civil rightsKKK Act, 1871 - -prohibited states from discriminating against race-federal government power to prosecute violations-1871 peace time Grant sent troops to SC, clan members arrested-pro black and against the KKKGeneral Amnesty Act, 1872 - for all former confederate soldiers and officials. -They were given their rights back. -southern states became full states with rights. Liberal Republicans- Organization formed in 1872 by Republicans who were not content with the political corruption and the policies of President Grant's first administration.Horace Greeley- liberal republican.-Influential journalist and founding editor of the New York Tribune newspaperElection of 1876- Dems returned to power in all ex-confed states except SC, FLA, and LA (states where there were still Fed troops). -Reps looking for someone untouched by Grant schemes -nominated Rutherford B. Hayes. Dems nominated Sam J. Tilden. -Tilden won popular votee but Hayes won electoral. Rutherford B. Hayes - Republican governor from OhioSignificance: Became president after the compromise of 1877Samuel J. Tilden- -Democratic candidate. -Former New York prosecutor who ran for president against Hayes in 1876.-Famous for bringing down New York City politician William "Boss" Tweed on corruption charges. -Although he received more popular votes than Hayes in the election, he fell one electoral vote shy of becoming president, leaving the election outcome disputed and unresolved. -Democrats and Republicans reached the Compromise of 1877, and Hayes became president.“waving the bloody shirtElectoral Comission