I. Submarine WarfareII. Wilson’s Vision: “Peace without Victory”III. German EscalationIV. American InterventionV. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen PointsVI. Treaty of Versailles 1919VII. Results of WWIVIII. League of NationsHIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Thomas Woodrow WilsonII. Important Domestic LegislationIII. WWI RootsIV. War beginsV. American NeutralityVI. Submarine WarfareOutline of Current LectureI. Submarine WarfareII. Wilson’s Vision: “Peace without Victory”III. German EscalationIV. American InterventionV. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen PointsVI. Treaty of Versailles 1919VII. Results of WWIVIII. League of NationsCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Submarine Warfare - They unterseeboat (U-boat), they use these to put a cordon around them to make theseBritish ships sink if they try to blockade. The Americans not that concerned until some things happen. January 28, 1915, the Germans sink an American merchant ship. That doesn’t set Wilson off, they are concerned, but it’s not until May 7, 1915. The sinking of a British Passenger line, The Lusitania, killed 1198 people, 128 were Americans. Germans make it known that they had warned these ships that they had in place a submarine court and were at their own risk. Wilson not willing to listen, and Germans said that the Lusitania has arms aboard so thought it was okay to destroy. Who does Wilson believe? The British. Within the last few years, we have found there WERE armaments on the Lusitania, so the Germans were actually correct but don’t matter. Their word against the British word and we believed the British. .- Bryan resigns and in his place, Wilson names Robert Lansing. He was one of the principal pro-British advisors of Wilson’s, which says a lot about American policy after this. The Germans pull back from their U-boat war, and say they will NOT sink passengerships. 1916, Cordon reinstituted around Britain and they sink a French passenger Ship, Sussex. The Americans are so angry and to prevent instant war, the Germans say they will not attack passenger liners, but might resume if the Americans try to get merchant ships through the blockade. In the meantime, Wilson is taking steps to prepare the U.S. for entering into this war. Critics said war with Germany was inevitable, between January and September, Wilson pushed though congress an increase in the Army and the Navy. The U.S. will pass the Naval act of 1916 and 1917. Also, Wilson will seek from congress federalization of the National Guard. Also spends money to build a U.S. Merchant Fleet. II. Wilson’s Vision: “Peace without Victory”- He has the platform that he has kept America out of war, but at the same time he is preparing for another war. Critics of Wilson will see this as two-faced. After his reelection in 1916, Wilson turns another direction. Really began to see change for example, he talks to senate on 22 January 1917 and puts before the idea of a third party international organization that would uphold world peace. Wilson said there were 4 crucial elements for lasting peace. o True freedom of the seas: nobody should bother each other. This is an American idea, true freedom of the seas to trade with everyone without interference.o Disarmament: these armament races that were going on, not only stop the races but also destroy a large percentage of these weapons. o Spread democratic self-government like America, Britain, France. All have a certain element of democratic self-governmento Security against aggression. This third party could work to make sure all nations are secure against aggression. Various Avenues for securing against aggression. - What Wilson was arguing for was a complete revolution in world order. He says this is how it SHOULD work. If you follow these ideas and work toward them, you can have lasting world peace. III. German Escalation- German’s decide they need to work to try to defeat the other side BEFORE the Americans can get into the war. German’s know that Russia, early 1917, had problems fighting against the Germans, but also their social/governmental structure is falling apart. When the Bolsheviks come to power, they destroy the Russian Czar and the country is on the verge of falling apart. This allows Germany to focus on Britain and France and knock them out of the war. It is at this time that Germans put into effect trulyunrestricted U-boat war. Previously there were limits, but new generals Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff were new commanders moved to Berlin to take over the war. Ludendorff decides Germany should declare TRULY unrestricted warfare. Beforemaking this decision, the Germans know that when they institute this, the Americans will come into the war, so they decide to get ready for this by making a proposition to anAmerican Enemy. - On the Jan 16 1917, the Germans send a coded message from their foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, to ultimately the German consult in Mexico. This is a coded message that is intercepted by the British. It says, “we intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfare 1st of Feb, we shall try to keep U.S. neutral, if not Mexico should reconcur lost territory in the U.S. and will be compensated heavily as allies. The British know when they show this telegraph he’ll be mad, so they hold off till the right moment.Americans Feb 5 1917, 2 days after they declare unrestricted submarine warfare, they break off relations with Germany. The British present the telegram to Wilson and it is posted in American papers. - April 6 1917, Wilson requests war against Germany. War to make the world safe for Democracy. News arrived in the United States that the Czar had fallen. The fall of theCzar and the need of Russian democratic government, run by Alexander Kerensky, for support. He wants to support this government but it doesn’t last very long. IV. American Intervention- The Americans get involved at a low level first with Naval forces to get into antae-submarine campaign. He ordered an increase in size of the navy in 1917. WWI, when theU.S. sends over representatives he realizes that the British are very close to falling to the Germans. The rep sends back the info that the British need anti-submarine warfare ships, which they do build to help. U.S. sends over 1 million men to France. The