I. Causes of the Spanish-American WarII. Conduct of WarIII. Ending the WarIV. CubaV. Chinese RelationsVI. Japanese RelationsVII. Theodore Roosevelt & Foreign AffairsHIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. First Colonial AcquisitionsII. Rise of the New NavyIII. Evolution of the New NavyIV. Increases in U.S. PowerV. Events leading up to Spanish-American WarVI. Causes of the Spanish-American WarOutline of Current Lecture I. Causes of the Spanish-American WarII. Conduct of WarIII. Ending the WarIV. CubaV. Chinese RelationsVI. Japanese RelationsVII. Theodore Roosevelt & Foreign AffairsCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Causes of the Spanish-American War- Humanitarianism, economic interest, “Yellow Journalism” (fanning the flames), and Sinking of the Maine.- After the sinking of the Maine, 8th of March Congress put forth 50 million dollars. McKinley did not want to go to war with Spain before the sinking of the Maine. There were those beating the drum for war, but the ships sinking and those casualties cause McKinley to send demands to Spain. o 1st Spain needs to pay indemnity for the ship. o 2nd Spain ends the concentration camps they are using to control the rebels that resulted from the tanking of Cuban economy. o 3rd Spain stop fighting with rebels and begin negotiatons with themo 4th Spain commit itself to granting independence to Cuba- Spain answer conciliatory except for the demand for independence of Cuba. Meanwhile,there is a drumbeat for war by Yellow Journalists. McKinley finds himself in the position where he has little choice but to request from congress the declaration of war. Apr 11 1898, he requests the declaration; on Apr 14 they declare war but add the Teller Amendment, which stated that the United States would not use the war to gain any territory in Cuba for them.II. Conduct of War- AS far as the U.S. is concerned, the war begins on the 20th of April down to the 2nd of August 1989. 114 days is the length of the Spanish-American War. John Hay called it a “Splendid little war”. The first real action against the Spaniards will not be taken at Cuba; it will be taken in the Philippine Islands. The Assistant secretary of the Navy was Theodore Roosevelt; he sends 5 cruisers and a couple of gunboats with Commodore George Dewey to wait for war to begin. Roosevelt tells him to make his way to the manila, Philippines which were a colony of Spain. Dewey attacks the Spanish squadron there and quickly defeats them. Arrived at the harbor in 30th Apr, beings attack May 1, when finished, the Spanish squadron would lose 381 men. The targeting fro the Americans wasn’t good, but they took them by surprise and the fleet wasn’t that good to begin with. - Americans were supposed to continue to Manila on land, but doesn’t have enough land forces. So he has to wait until June 30th before U.S. army troops arrive. AS the army troops made their way to manila, they stopped at Guam. Had no idea war had been declared and just took it with no violence. 10,000 U.S. troops involved in this. 30 June-13 August fighting in Manila until theyfinally give up and give the territory to the U.S. Emilio Aguinaldo a Philippian fighter, thought the u’s takeover would make him free. - An American blockade on Santiago, Cuba until July, the Spaniards try to get away July 3, the Americans descend and completely destroy the troops. The U.S. will send ashore some marines to watch over the Spanish fleet. They will eventually take over Guantanamo bay, Cuba. A naval victory for the U.S.- Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, The U.S. army at this time had 28,000 regular troops, 100,000 militia and 200,000 more recruited for action. Roosevelt’s group the Rough Riders, first volunteer cavalry regimen. Roosevelt was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, How did he get involved with a land force? He wanted to get involved in the fighting but wouldn’t give him commission, so he put together volunteer group. He uses his array of connections form Harvard University to get Ivy League athletes, and he uses his former position as commissioner of NYC to get convicts in his group. He was also a rancher out west, so he got Native Americans and sharp shooters to be a part of his group. This First volunteer Calvary regimen, had horses on one ship and the people on another. The horses didn’t end up in the same place, so only Roosevelt rode horse. - The Battle of San Juan Hill, (not where the actions took place, just a larger feature on the topography), Roosevelt and his group go up a smaller hill, Pebble hill, and fund it difficult to make any headway against the Spanish. A contingent of black troops was responsible for saving the roughriders and Teddy Roosevelt from death. With their held, they win this battle and the land war.III. Ending the War- Treaty of Paris 1898, Cuba is freed from Spanish control, and the Teller amendment makes sure they don’t receive any CUBAN territory. BUT, they do take control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. pays Spain 20 million for the Philippine Islands. - The U.S. does not grant independence to the Philippines, so a guerilla war breaks out against theU.S. in 1899. This is a dirty, hard fought guerilla war. The U.S. ends this war, win, crushing guerillastrength. At the beginning of this war, the U.S. army had side arms that were very small, and they were fighting these soldiers that were chewing on narcotics. Out of the fight, the U.S. army went in with the Colt weapon company to design a semi-automatic, .45-caliber weapon, Colt 1911. When you shoot somebody with this size gun, it knocks the enemy down. The U.S. gets THE best side arm.- Why did McKinley not give independence for the Pilipino? When taking to a Methodist church, he says “we could not give them back to Spain, cowardly, could not turn them to European enemies, bad business, and could not leave them to themselves, anarchy, so what we had to do was educate, civilize, and Christianize them. U.S. isn’t finished with Cuba…IV. Cuba- Written into the Cuban constitution under U.S. Pressure. When approving and passing the army appropriations bill, they also pass the Platt Amendment. They use pressure to get the Cubans to put this into the CUBAN constitution. 1. The principal provisions of the amendment say that Cuba will NOT sign