I. Progressive Era AmendmentsII. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)III. Roosevelt And TrustsIV. Roosevelt and ConservationV. William Howard Taft (1909-1913)VI. Taft Administration-Antagonizing ProgressivesVII. Taft Administration – Progressive AccomplishmentsVIII. Election of 1912IX. Roosevelt’s New NationalismX. Wilson’s New FreedomXI. Similarities between New Nationalism and New FreedomXII. Difference between New Nationalism and New FreedomHIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Theodore Roosevelt & Foreign Affairs ContinuedII. Japanese Concerns with U.S.III. U.S. Concerns with JapanIV. William Howard Taft and U.S. Foreign AffairsV. Woodrow Wilson and U.S. Foreign AffairsOutline of Current LectureI. Progressive Era AmendmentsII. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)III. Roosevelt And TrustsIV. Roosevelt and ConservationV. William Howard Taft (1909-1913)VI. Taft Administration-Antagonizing ProgressivesVII. Taft Administration – Progressive AccomplishmentsVIII. Election of 1912IX. Roosevelt’s New NationalismX. Wilson’s New FreedomXI. Similarities between New Nationalism and New FreedomXII. Difference between New Nationalism and New FreedomCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Progressive Era Amendments - 16th amendmen1913t: allowed for the implementation for an income tax, constitutional standpoint- 17th amendment: allowed for the direct election of federal senators, up until this time, federal senators were chosen by state legislators. - 18th amendment 1919: allowed for the implementation of prohibition on a federal level- 19th amendment 1920: gave women, constitutionally the right to voteII. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)- William McKinley up for reelection in 1900, Roosevelt was a state level legislator in NY that was trying to push in a progressive direction. NY wanted to get them out of their hair, so they put him on the ballot with McKinley for Vice President. The VP at the time only broke a tied vote in the senate and waited for the president to die… SUDDENLY McKinley in assassinated. Roosevelt becomes president, 42 years old youngest man serving as president up till that time. What did he think of himself as president? Roosevelt believed he was morally bound to further the interest of the people, as he understood those needs. In a sense, he is viewing this in a similar light to Andrew Jackson, IN THE SENSE, as president he is the one person that is elected by all of the people, this is one reason why he is MORALLY bound. Because he has the power, he can decide solely on certain things. Roosevelt believed government shouldo Assure honesty and fairness in Government AND businesso Give individuals greater economic opportunity (the “square deal”) His election campaign in 1904, platform was the square deal that made sure that every citizen of the united states was granted the ability to take advantage of opportunities that came their way, and government should not come in-betweencitizens and these opportunities. Not taking about a welfare state, Government should make sure there is a level playing field for Americans. ROOSEVELT WAS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT. He was very much opposed to socialism; control of reform should be in the hands of responsible, progressive republicans. NOT DEMOCRATS OR SOCIALISTS. Rooseveltreferred to the socialists and way-progressives as the lunatic fringe. He would rather take some reform, rather than no reform at all which is opposite of the socialists.- Roosevelt was critical of his own class. He didn’t have a massive amount of money, but was form the group. He condemned individuals like Rockefeller and JP Morgan, referred more than once to men of wealth who resisted change as arrogantly stupid and malefactors of great wealth. Rich people who had bad ideas that were truly selfish. He is referred to as a traitor of his own class. III. Roosevelt And Trusts- There was a division of two groups, whether or not a company paid heed to the public welfare in its actions. If it did paid heed, then it could operate because it was a good trust, if it didn’t then it was a bad trust and Roosevelt wanted to use legislation to tear them down.- Northern Securities Company Suit (1902): began as a territory battle over railroads, and ended up forming a holding company to share the profits as a compromise. As far as the case brought against them, in choosing a company to take down, Roosevelt wanted to make sure that he would not fall into the same problem of the DC Knight Case, sugar refining company that the US Supreme court found that it was a manufacturing companyso only intra-state not interstate company so couldn’t be found guilty, Railroads operate across many state lines so he chose it specifically for the anti-trust suit. The Attorney general filed suit against the northern insecurities company was in violating and the Supreme Court’s ruling agreed. This ultimately helps put teeth on the Sherman Anti-trust act. Roosevelt ultimately in his almost 2 terms of presidency, he instituted 25 antitrust suits. HE would be known as the Great Trust Buster. - Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)- anthracite coal is the most important due to its density so very important strike if goes on long. A union that wanted to be recognized by the mine called for a strike, 140,000 minors eventually go on strike, to gain union recognition, shorter working hours, and higher wages. Roosevelt, after 5 months of the strike (may 1902- Oct 1902), summons an Invitation t miner’s union leaders and mine owners to come to Whitehouse to make a settlement. John Mitchel, Chief of Union mineworkers, says he will come, but mine owners refuse because they don’t want Roosevelt’s interference and want the mineworkers to get nothing. Theodore Roosevelt was known as an academic, scholar, and a man of action. He tells the mine owners that they either come to the Whitehouse or I will send military troops to the mine. He feels for the miners, BUT he also needs those coal miners to continue production. They say okay and sit with presidential arbitration and as far as the results are concerned, in 1903 the workers are awarded higher wages and shorter working hours. However, the minerswould NOT recognize the union, but the union knew they would fight that battle again later. So, unlike