I. Fifteenth amendmentII. The uses of violenceIII. Weakening support in northIV. Panic of 1873V. 1876 ElectionVI. Impact of ReconstructionHIST 2620 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I. Reconstruction Learning ObjectivesII. Reconstruction, 1865-1877III. What was the most important political question facing the nation in 1865?IV. Thirteenth AmendmentV. Lincolns 10 percent planVI. Wade-Davis BillVII. Andrew Johnson – 17th presidentVIII. Presidential reconstruction (1865-1867)IX. Freedman’s BureauX. EducationXI. EconomicsXII. Southerners ReactedXIII. Congressional Election of 1866XIV. Reconstruction Acts of 1867XV. Congressional reconstruction, 1867-1870XVI. Senator Charles SumnerXVII. ImpeachmentXVIII. The fourteenth AmendmentXIX. Foreign PolicyXX. General Sheridan and MexicoXXI. Southern republican governments, 1867-1870Outline of Current Lecture I. Fifteenth amendmentII. The uses of violenceIII. Weakening support in northIV. Panic of 1873V. 1876 ElectionVI. Impact of Reconstruction Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Fifteenth amendment- Along with the right to vote, it tried to prevent lawyers from putting undue burden on these freed slaves. As time goes by, judges and lawyers cut this apart. This is what ends up happening when this amendment becomes law. Gender is missing in this amendment.- In 1870, only (anywhere) Utah and Wyoming allowed women to vote at this time. At thetime the nation is found, suffrage was limited. It becomes increasingly broad with the decrease in property limitations. The 15th amendment didn’t say they could vote, but there was at this time a wave of universal suffrage sweeping from the west to the east coast. Up until this point, the omen’s suffrage movement and the abolition movement worked together to get this common goal of civil rights. After 15th amendment, they diverge from joint lobbying due to women feeling this exclusion from voting rights as a slight.- Increased opportunity for freed black and those that had been free BEFORE the civil war.They were able to be elected into Senate and state level positions. Southern racists try to say that these freed black were uneducated but this is a wrong assumption. II. The uses of violence- Racial violence was widespread before republican rule - The Klu Klux Klan unleashed a wave of terror throughout the south and often had political objectives- The federal government fought to combat violence by passing the 15th amendment and the enforcement act of 1870, and the Klu Klux Klan act of 1871. They are trying to attackthose groups from intimidating and stopping peaceful elections. They are NOT successful. As a result, the Democratic Party in 1870s begins to assert control in the south. They were threatening carpetbaggers and freed black. In states at this time, the legislature would choose the senators. The counties are 90% black at this period, how doyou keep them from voting for black representatives? The KKK groups would just shut them down with violence and threatening activities. At this time it’s a terrorist organization that is trying to assert southern democratic power and what was “good” about the south before the war- The violence between 1874-1876 was directly and openly connected to the Democratic Party. It aimed to get their view back instated. III. Weakening support in north- The country moves on and interest in the North about slavery and civil rights has waned.1872, they don’t continue the Freedman’s bureau. Even though it didn’t work perfectly, it was helping to get former slaves back into society- They pass an amnesty bill for Confederate officers, this limits that to only 500 of the worst cases.- Liberal republicans advocated civil service reform to reduce abuses of patronage. They also supported tariff reduction and an end to federal land grants to railroads. The democrats forged an alliance with the liberal republicans nominating Horace Greeley for president in 1872.- A political party is formed to handle this government corruption. It even leads to assassination of a president. These big issues of corruption are overshadowing the civil rights issue, which goes on the back burner. There is a shift of electoral votes back to democrats.IV. Panic of 1873- Collapse of the financial system worldwide that includes banks and businesses failing. Set off by the end of the Franco-Prussian war and the completion of the Suez Canal. This sets the groundwork. o The Suez Canal is tied to the shifting to a more quick and connected world. On one hand this is great for shipping, but it causes economic dislocation due to old trading becoming obsolete etc. - With the economic challenges at hand, they raise the tariffs on imported goods. They think this will increase internal trading, but this is a world of empires. This makes tradingvery difficult. New countries like Germany and Italy need to get colonies to have products to trade with due to lockdown on trading. This is the second rise of great imperialism which you can seethe carving up of the world that leads to WWI. - This is a moving on from Reconstruction with the Democrats back in power. The last civil rights act they could pass was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 until Eisenhower based the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Democratic party reasserts control in southern states and they remain in control for 100 years. From the perspective of these people, they have achieved redemptionV. 1876 Election- Both parties’ platforms are based on reform and economic issues that the country faces. Election occurs and there is NO winner. Need 185 to win, Rutherford 185 / Tilden 184. They had to have a president. So congress forms a commission of 8 republicans and 7 democrats to allocate those missing votes. There was deal-swapping…o Democrats want republicans out of the south. They are still controlled by militarydistricts asserted during the reconstruction. The Democrats agree to allocate the votes to Rutherford if they pull out of the south. - The 14th and 15th amendments are among the few bright spots in reconstructions otherwise dismal legacy. The next 100 years is trying to solve those issues. There were some modest gains. Slave life was increasingly better. We think that reconstruction endsand we go straight to a segregated south. NOT the way it works.