I. Democrats & RepublicansII. Warren G. HardingIII. Foreign PolicyIV. ScandalsV. Calvin CoolidgeVI. Supreme CourtVII. Coolidge-Foreign PolicyHIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. The Red ScareII. Jazz AgeIII. ProsperityIV. Rise of Advertising / MarketingV. Changing AttitudesVI. Celebrating Business CivilizationVII. ProhibitionOutline of Current LectureI. Democrats & RepublicansII. Warren G. HardingIII. Foreign PolicyIV. ScandalsV. Calvin CoolidgeVI. Supreme CourtVII. Coolidge-Foreign PolicyCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Democrats & Republicans- Woodrow Wilson not able to run, so democrats left without real leadership. Going into the election of 1920, is weakened by very powerful factional battles within the party. Progressives battled more conservatives. Also a battle between democratic political bosses fought with southern and western rural leaders. Partly a result of these battles, they are going to loose three elections in 1920. - There are particular businessmen that supply funds to the republican policy that have a lot to say about their policies. They begin to be manned by the “old guard” conservatives. Going in to the election of 1920, going to mean that democrats are going to be in a point of weakness. A unified powerful message is not available. II. Warren G. Harding- Democrats take 44 battles to decide on Gov. James M. Cox of Ohio, they push that the United States should join the League of Nations. The Republicans choose Sen. Warren G. Harding of Ohio. The big problem for the republicans was finding someone acceptable tothe more conservative factions of the Republican Party. Republicans see this win of election 1920, as a call to NOT do something. As far as campaign itself is concerned, theyhave a front-porch campaign. Dealt with the League issue evasively. Domestic policies, Republicans are not going to announce any domestic policies to put into place, Harding is going to be remembered even today for doing one thing! He is going to give to us a new word, during the campaign he argues that Republicans are going to return the United State to Normalcy. This is a malapropism on is part, and became a popular term. Harding told the American people what they wanted to hear at this point, and democrats in 1920, VP nominee was a young man served in WWI as assistant secretary of the Navy. FDR’s first political entry. Republicans see the result of this election as a mandate to NOT do something. They take it that the people had rejected the League of Nations. - In retrospect, fairly easy to see why Warren G. Harding was chosen. Very social, easygoing, and gregarious. Also, very politically pliable and didn’t hold on to any strong principles. The republicans could get him to go with what they wanted, and he wasn’t the most knowledgeable about domestic and foreign issues. Taft has believed there was some progressivism, while Harding believed that reform was at an end. The progressive Era is completely skipped and gone back to McKinley’s era with respect to progressivism.- Republicans are going to argue that we need less government, less presidential powers, and comes down on the heads of the U.S. military. This will be detrimental to interests.They are pro-business in their outlook, wanted higher tariffs and lower taxes. A level of inactivity in regulatory agencies. In the direction of what Woodrow Wilson argued with New Nationalism plan.III. Foreign Policy - AS far as foreign policy is concerned, the Harding administration works together to take Republican Party away from world involvement. Senator Bora from Idaho, not allowing U.S. to get sucked into war, so go back to traditional policy of staying away from everything. U.S. would enter into a separate peace in Germany. US did not join the League of Nations, which is odd since it was an American Idea. o Most Important foreign policy achievement was the international conference of naval. 12 Nov. 1921-22, Washington Naval Conference, give a bit about the background. The United States in 1916 passed naval acts that would create a navy second to none including the Royal Navy. It was determined by Sieges that the Royal Navy was almost brought down by U-Boats. So they built anti-submarines and battleships to help. They then decided they would pick this idea of the Navy second to none, but the British couldn’t afford the navy or to lose the“best navy”, so they enter into a naval arms race with the Unites States. Republicans understand that to unilaterally abandon race is bad, so Senator Bora says they should bring together the major naval relations of the world and talk about decreasing armaments. Charles Evan Hughes summoned and presided over international conference. Included British, Italian, French, etc. to reason together to determine how to limit the buildup of naval armaments. In the initial session, Hughes shocked the delegates and went beyond what they needed to doby offering a detailed treaty on the table; this begins negotiations. Ultimately there will be 3 most significant agreements.o 5 power agreement: signed on the 6th of February 1922, The U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy. British were relieved to a certain extent; the Japanese had tremendous difference of opinion when even wanting to sign. Kaigun, imperial Japanese Navy, difference in onion if the best would come from either building a navy as large as possible regardless of treaties, or sign the treaty to attain a level of equality. Members of both factions go to Washington, but the HEAD of the factions agrees to only 3/5 of that of the U.S. Cant build more capital ships for 10 years (guns bigger than 8 inches) so battleships and battle cruisers. This stops an increase in the number, but major naval nations had ships being built at the time and lots of ships already in their inventory. All based on tonnage of ships. Needto scale back navies as they existed, decide that for every 5 capital ships that the U.S. will be allowed to have; the British will be allowed 5, Japanese 3 (some Japanese not going to accept this, but leader of delegation uses his authority to sign off on it. They don’t understand why the American and the British sign off onthis. The US and UK have worldwide interests and they didn’t need as large of a navy when the Japanese were mainly