History 2620 – Exam 3 study guideRemember that ANYTHING we’ve discussed in class is fair game for the multiplechoice and ID questions. There will be 25 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each, 5 identification/significance questions worth 5 points each, and 1 essayworth 25 points.I. Terms to know:- Employment Act of 1946- promote high employment and price stabilityo Trumano This was after WWII, effort to maintain economic prosperityCouncil of Economic Advisors- Created in 1946, helps president formulate the nation's economic policy. Assesses the nation's economic health, predicts future economic conditions, and aids other executive agencies involved with economic planning.- President’s Committee on Civil Rights- o harry truman- 1946- The committee was instructed to investigate the status of civil rights in the country and propose measures to strengthen and protect them.- sig:to secure these rights/called for elimination of all aspects of segregationReconversion-Truman's first priority, the social and economic transition from wartime to peacetimeInflation- a sustained increase in the average level of prices. not just one single itemRobert A. Taft- - Conservative Republican Senator from Ohio.- Denounced the New Deal as "socialism", said it damaged business interests and claimed it was giving Federal Government too much power.← Taft-Hartley Act, 1947- - Curbed the growing power of Unions- Made it much harder for unions to fight for better wages- harder to go on strike- allows the federal government to break up union run strikes Vetoed by trumann but was passed anyway“closed shop”-A business enterprise in which employees must belong to the union before they canbe hired and must remain in the union after they are hired.- “union shop”- An organization in which a worker is not required to be a member of the union to be hired but must become a member within a certainperiod of time after being employed.“right to work”- a doctrine that employees can work a job without being forced to join a laborunionTaft Tax Reduction, 1947- Taft and his Republicans wanted to reduce taxes and cut federal spending- 1948 Congress overrode third veto and the tax-cut became lawNational Security Act, 1947- -problem: Cold War- -goal: deterrence (keep USSR influence away) and military wasnot equip for this problems- -procedures: executive agreements, NSC memoranda2- -institutions: Department of Defense, CIA, NSC- signed by trumanReorganized the US Armed Forces and foreign policy after WWIIDixiecrats-The Dixiecrat party was a segregationist populist, socially conservative part party of the Democratic Party in the mid-20th century who were determined to protect what they saw as the Southern "way of life" against what they perceived as an oppressive federal gov.Strom ThurmondSouthern Conservative, governor, senator, and creator of the Dixicrat PartyStrove to conserve segregation and ran for president in 1948 on a segregation platformo Fair Deal- a statement made by Truman in which he said he would give every part of the population a Fair deal.- supported civil rights- proposed a nation healthcare bill- none of this ever happened- Extension of new dealDesegregation of the Army-During Korean War, President Truman desegregated the army because of man-power shortages. Military was 1st profession to experience integration.Adlai Stevenson- During a UN meeting, forcefully and directly asked Soviet Union if they had missiles on Cuba.- When Soviet representatives refused to answer, he responded infamously: "I will wait until hell freezes over."3-Democratic candidate who ran against Eisenhower in 1952.Dwight D. Eisenhower- - rep.candidate 1952. Promises to - (1)personally go to Korea &negotiate,- (2)balance budget. After elected, he negotiates. Says to negotiate or we'll useatomic weapons. Signed treaty that Korea will be divided at the 49thparallel.o Right back where it started & the war was pointless. He &John Foster Dulles (sec.ofstate) create Theory of Massive Retaliation. US announce if threatened, we'd do everything possible in retaliation. Communists return threat. “dynamic conservatism”- economic conservatism and political activism- Supported business growth and small federal budgetsTidewater Oil Lands- controversy over land on the shore of the gulf of mexico and on the pacific coast.a few states were given the rights to shoreline 3 miles off the coast. to do with as they choose. Brown v. Board of Ed., 1954-- overturned Plessy v. Ferguson - "separate but equal" schools- kansas- 1954Earl Warren-Chief Justice of the Supreme Courtannounced the Brown v. Board of education decisionsThurgood Marshall4Dedicated his life to fight against racism and was the lawyer for Brown v. Board ofEducation and won Mansfield, TX, 1956- - attempt to integrate the high school in Mansfield- students were met with racist tauntsJohn Foster Dulles- Secretary of State and the center of Eisenhower's foreign policy and spoke ofrolling back communism instead of containing it- Favored building more nuclear weapons--only the threat of nuclear war would stop the Soviets- Brinkmanship- Massive retaliation“massive retaliation”Military doctrine based on a plausible standing threat of nuclear reprisal employed by the United States. “liberation”-- active program to roll-back Communism- instead of containing them, we'll liberate them- John Foster DullesMutually Assured- policy in which the United States and the Soviet Union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another.French Indochina-The countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia were together called "French Indochina"-The French divided Vietnam into three sections: each was ruled in different ways. "Divide and conquer!"5Destruction 1954Dien Bien Phu-- Region where Vietnam fought French Union, Vietnam victory, ended major French involvement in Indochina. - It was important because it inspired the US the increase support for France.Hungarian Revolt, 1956Where: Budapest, HungaryWhat: Hungarians revolted and overthrew Soviet military and police forces← Inspired by Polish unrest and lack of happiness under Communist rule← Hungarians asked for US help. US would not intervene← Popular movement - established multi-party systemSoviets invaded and took over HungaryGeneva Summit, 1955-Khrushchev, Stalin's successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with Khrushchev, France and