HIST 2620 WelchTable of Contents1. Reconstruction2. 1876 Election3. Lost Cause Myth4. Southern sharecropping5. Henry Grady6. Southern Industries and urbanization7. Jim Crow Laws8. Mississippi Plan9. Booker T. Washington10. W. E. B. DuBois 11. Plessy V. Ferguson12. Industrialization13. Gustavus Swift14. Sand Creek Massacre 15. Battle of Little Bighorn16. General Allotment Act 17. Destruction of Indian Culture18. American West Myth19. Battle of Wounded Knee20. Frontier Thesis21. Immigration22. Ellis Island23. Statue of Liberty24. Restrictions on Immigration25. Tenements - Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives26. Francis Keller - Out of Work27. Social Darwinism 28. American Federation of Labor29. President James Garfield1HIST 2620 Welch30. President Chester Arthur 31. President Grover Cleveland32. President Alfred Mahan33. Populist party 34. Panic of 189335. Presidential candidate William Bryan36. Presidential candidate William McKinley37. Frank Baum and the Wizard of Oz38. Orville and Wilbur Wright 39. William McKinley assassinated 40. Muckrakers41. Alice Paul – Suffragettes42. Election of 1912 43. John Schrank wrote a letter - “No Third Term”44. Woodrow Wilson - “new Freedoms”45. Temperance Movement46. World War I and the Lost Generation47. Lost GenerationHarding Scandals48. Prohibition: ban alcohol 49. Efficiency of government model50. Business Boon of 192051. Popular figures of 20s52. Prohibition periodLecture Notes1. Reconstruction: summary of challenges A.618,000 Civil War deaths and more maimed lead to lack of contributing members to economy B.Death of current president2HIST 2620 Welch C.Economic cost of war disproportionate damage - $4 billion lost in South i. $100 million due to Sherman’s march ii. 1800 factories in South v. 110,000 in North - North manufacturing unharmed2. 1876 Election: Hayes (Republican) v. Tilden (Democratic) A.Republican party had control so far ( Lincoln, Johnson, etc.) B.Election resulted in tie from electoral college i. Republican party argued that there was voter fraud C.Democrats let Republicans have election on two terms i. Terms: had to spend money in South, military needs to leave South3. Lost Cause Myth: Southern belief in glorying confederacy during war and arguing that the CivilWar was fought for solely states’ rights and not to keep around slavery4. Southern sharecropping: land owners loaned land to tenants in exchange for part of sales A.Sharecropping becomes dependent on Crop-Lien system: loans made based on future money (essentially a ponzi scheme)5. Henry Grady: wrote articles about the “new south” v. “old south” arguing for industrialization inthe newspaper called the Atlanta Constitution6. Southern Industries and urbanization required natural resources, abundance of workers, capital, creation of steady institutions A.Contributions to urbanizations i. Steel, lumber, textile mills become common ii. Tobacco supported by James B. Duke and American Tobacco Co. iii.Coca-Cola started by Dr. John Pemberton as medicine but largely harmful B.Industrialization led to hostility in workplace based on bad relations between management and workers7. Jim Crow Laws: racial segregation laws A.Laws resulted from black codes B.Jim Crow referred to the character as a racist personification of a slave in minstrel shows8. Mississippi Plan: example of way that state laws curtailed 15th amendment giving suffrage by requiring 2 year residency and requiring interpretation of the constitution to satisfaction A.Understanding clause: controversial part of Mississippi plan that required interpretation 3HIST 2620 Welchof constitution to satisfaction as judged by frequently racist peers9. Booker T. Washington argued that blacks had to earn equality by proving themselves10.W. E. B. DuBois attacked views of Washington arguing that equality cannot wait11.Plessy V. Ferguson (1896): decision that allowed separate but equal segregation A.Plessy was ⅛ black and serves as a test case for Separate Car Law in Louisiana, which segregates railroad cars B.Plessy is told to leave as expected and the case goes to Supreme Court12.Industrialization A.Natural resources, labor, money, growth of companies contribute to industrialization B.Railroads a key part of 19th century west i. Railroads cut through Indian territory, forcing Indians to become buffalo nomads C.Cattlemen, farmers, and railroad men competed for resources13.Gustavus Swift: refrigerated railroad car A.Revolutionized meat-packing industry B.Sears catalog began to get people interested in products14.Sand Creek Massacre (1864) A.Native American resistance to settlers when gold was found in Colorado River B.Cheyenne forces: Chief Black Kettle and the White Antelopes, Chief Kiowa and the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers15.Battle of Little Bighorn A.Colonel Custer’s 7th cavalry vs. Lakota/Cheyenne/Arapaho16.General Allotment Act (1887) A.Cause assimilation of Indians to America by making them farmers17.Destruction of Indian Culture A.“Kill the Indian, leave the Man” B.Richard Pratt started Carlisle School to instill American culture into Indians18.American West Myth A.Romanticized frontier and portrayed Indians as savages19.Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) A.Geronimo/Sitting Bull involved4HIST 2620 Welch B.Related to Wovoka’s Ghost Dance (a dance related to peace)20.Frontier Thesis: West is closed according to Frederick Turner21.Immigration - Push/pull theory: theory that factors push/pull immigration A.20% of 60 million immigrants of the Gilded Age came to the US22.Ellis Island A.Grown by dirt excavated from building of the subway system of NY in 1890s B.40% of people currently can trace an ancestor that has gone through Ellis Island C.Process required a medical examination i.Button hook: used with antiseptic to check for trachoma in medical exam D.Marked with chalk if you were suspected of having a heart condition, being pregnant, being senile, or having a mental defect i.Marked with an ‘x’ if you had a suspected mental defect ii.University of Chicago published a study measuring prisoners to determine what an “average criminal was,” and that information was used to mark mental defects iii.If marked, you were removed from the line, housed, processed, and moved to stockyards a)In stockyards, Ellis Island official asked 27 questions in 3 minutes23.Statue of Liberty (1886) - Frederick Bartholdi A.Bartholdi insisted, somewhat against US consent, that France should give US a gift B.Statue of Liberty