I. Theodore Roosevelt & Foreign Affairs cont.II. Japanese Concerns with U.S.III. U.S. Concerns with JapanIV. William Howard Taft and U.S. Foreign AffairsV. Woodrow Wilson and U.S. Foreign AffairsHIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Causes of the Spanish-American WarII. Conduct of WarIII. Ending the WarIV. CubaV. Chinese RelationsVI. Japanese RelationsVII. Theodore Roosevelt & Foreign AffairsOutline of Current Lecture I. Theodore Roosevelt & Foreign Affairs cont.II. Japanese Concerns with U.S.III. U.S. Concerns with JapanIV. William Howard Taft and U.S. Foreign AffairsV. Woodrow Wilson and U.S. Foreign AffairsCurrent LectureI. Theodore Roosevelt & Foreign Affairs cont.- Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe doctrine 1904. Roosevelt and other Americans were worried about the level of debt carried by Caribbean nations. Much of this debt was owed to European countries, and thy were having trouble getting the money back, Americans were afraid that European countries would transgress the Monroe doctrine These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.and take on these countries as colonies. Venezuela defaulted on its loans to German, Italy, and others. Americans put pressure on the countries to force a settlement and repay the debts. The United States set itself up as the policeman of the western hemisphere. U.S. would be heavily involved in western hemisphere events and make sure that western hemisphere countries’ debts were paid back and peace reined in this area. Then the Dominican Republic defaulted on their debts. The U.S. took over the revenue system of the Dominican Republic and paid off the debts with the money, and did so under Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This was the attitude going forth until the 1930s.- The relationship between the U.S. and Japan. Begins before Roosevelt’s time, but the most important issues with Japan are during his presidency. Why did U.S. and Japan end up in war? The buildup of Japanese military and navy, in 1894 Japanese wanted to expand their power in Asia to test this new military. Japanese defeat the Chinese, and gain control of a particular peninsula that they wanted. They also were able to gain a bit of control. Other Western Nations are going to step in afterwards and force Japanese to give up the fruits of their victory. Japanese remember this, and they decide to continue their modernization even more, so that next time Western Powers step in they can say no. 1904/1905, Japan in war against Russia (considered a Western Power) is going to be different. Two Russian fleets will be destroyed at sea, and Japanese takes Port Arthur again! - United States is concerned with growth of Japan, and so they enter into a secret agreement amongst William Howard Taft (secretary of war at the time) and prime minister of Japan, Taro Katsura, in the Philippines. The Japanese concerned with what America felt about Japanese domination of Korean peninsula, so America promised to leave that alone if Japan did not interfere with the Philippines (Taft-Katsura Agreement 1905). Treaty of Portsmouth 1905; signed to end the Russian-Japanese War, in a meetingwith Theodore Roosevelt in Portsmouth New Hampshire. The treaty will recognize internationally the dominant position that Japan had in Korean Peninsula, and Manchuria. Relationship between U.S. and Japan had been friendly up until 1905. As theyears go by, they become less and less friendlyII. Japanese Concerns with U.S.- The treaty of Portsmouth 1905, after the treaty had been signed they realized what they had NOT gotten out of the treaty. In this case, from the Japanese view didn’t get whatthey wanted. Who is responsible for not getting what they should have? In their view, The Japanese will blame the United States for not getting what they wanted from Russia.- San Francisco School Board 1906, the San Francisco school board instilled a segregation of Japanese and American Students. They School Board didn’t want contamination of Caucasian culture by Asian Culture. The Japanese Government are concerned about Japanese that had migrated to the U.S.- CA Legislature Debate 1907, they began to debate a law that would completely end Japanese immigration to the state. The State of California was debating the passing of a law that would end this immigration. The legislature believed they would drown “in a sea of yellow”. They want to get Roosevelt to step in the CA law. So he says that he can use leverage to talk what can I offer? Japan says they will control Japanese immigration from their end. So, an agreement was reached, Gentleman’s agreement 1907, if CA dropped this debate on immigration, then they would control the outflow of Japanese from their end. The Roosevelt was very impressed by Japan’s modernization, but he was also very racist and didn’t want them to think the U.S. was very soft. - Great White Fleet December 1907- February 1909, Roosevelt sends out 16 U.S. battleships from VA around the world to make the Japanese understand they weren’t soft. It 14 months long, 14000 sailors, 20 ports of call, 6 continents. The most important port of call was Tokyo Bay. The Japanese were duly impressed.III. U.S. Concerns with Japan- The U.S. was worried about Japan’s Hegemony of the Western Pacific. Americans become more and more concerned that Japan’s ultimate goal is to get them out of the Caribbean.- Americans were worried Japan was trying to expand their commercial ties so much that it would threated Americans’ economic ties in Asia. - They were worried that Japan was trying to shut the “open door” that Americans had tried to open economically and commercially. Elihe Root, Secretary of State, and Kogoro Takahira, Japanese Prime Minister, agree they will maintain the status quo in the Pacific. The U.S. wants Japan to promise they will work with them to maintain trade. They also promise that the two will respect their territorial possessions. Hawaii was also a concernfor Americans, but the principal concern was the Philippines. They believed they would help keep that open door open. They promised to support by peaceful means theindependence and integrity of China. This is the last agreement that Japan signs to protect China. The Japanese gain from these agreements the U.S. as an ally. - Lansing Ishii Agreement 1917, Japanese