HIST 112 1st Edition Lecture 18Conclusion of World War IOutline of Last Lecture I. Overview of warII. Wilson and neutralityIII. End to neutralityIV. Fighting the warV. Home frontOutline of Current LectureI. Discussion of TreatyII. The Treaty of VersaillesIII. Reaction to treatyCurrent LectureKey Terms Paris Peace Conference November 11, 1918 Armistice Day Wilson’s 14 Points Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Henry Cabot LodgeDiscussion of Treaty November 11, 1918 fighting stops (Armistice Day) Treaty takes a long time to develop Only Wilson had stated any clear goals for the war Wilson’s 14 Points (given to Congress in January 1918)1. No more secret treaties2. Freedom and neutrality of the seas3. Free trade between nations4. Reduction of arms5. Adjustment of colonial claims (de-colonization)6. Independent Russia without presence of international forces7. Belgium back to its pre-war statusThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.8. Alsace Lorraine goes back to France9. Italian borders redrawn along lines of nationality10. Austria-Hungary develops as a nation11. Balkan states guaranteed independence12. Sovereignty of Turkish people guaranteed13. Establishment of independent Poland14. League of Nations Big themes in 14 points Free trade is necessary for democracy Self-determination—if a group of people believe they have a common culture, history, society, etc. then they can form their own political union League of Nations Controversial to other leaders British PM David Lloyd George wanted to keep a balance of power (so not crush Germany) and has a problem with decolonization George Clemenceau of France wants to cripple Germany for the heavy destruction of France’s landscape and charge heavy reparationsThe Treaty of Versailles Signed June 28, 1919 (5 years after assassination of Franz Ferdinand) Put all blame on Germany Kaiser Wilhelm and others were tried for war crimes Not allowed to build a German army Buffer between Germany and Belgium Alsace Lorraine back to France Much Eastern territory taken from Germany, given to Poland Reparations were 226 billion in German currency (basically impossible to pay)Reactions to Versailles British are happy France unsatisfied, Clemenceau voted out Huge opposition from Americans Leading voice—Henry Cabot Lodge Very conservative Republicans Anti-League of Nations Believe isolationism is the only way to thrive Wilson travels around promoting League of Nations Wilson has a stroke, his wife cuts off access to the President Senate refuses to ratify treaty, so the US cannot become a member of League of Nations League of Nations is left extremely
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