HIST 112 1st Edition Lecture 5 Conclusion of ReconstructionOutline of Last Lecture I. SuccessionII. Reconstruction as a Political MovementOutline of Current Lecture I. Reconstruction as a Civil Rights MovementII. Resistance and Rebuilding in SouthCurrent LectureKey Terms:- Ten percent plan- Wade-Davis Bill- Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67)- Reconstruction Act- Radical Republicans/Reconstruction (1867-77)- “Waving the bloody shirt”- Civil Rights Bill of 1866- Black Codes- KKK- Redeemers- Jim Crowe Laws- The Lost CauseReconstruction as a Civil Rights Movement- Very successful, unlike political movement- Reconstruction amendments- Strong commitment to African American’s rights- Bill to extend Freedman’s Bureau- Civil Rights Bill of 1866- Step one: 13th Amendment – abolish slavery- Step two: Civil Rights Bill of 1866 – gave equality and protection before the law to blacksThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Johnson was not happy about the bill, so he vetoed ito Congressional Republicans think it is essential—it passes- Civil Rights Bill is exactly like 14th Amendment—so why did Congress hurry to make the14th Amendment after the CR Bill was already in place?o If equality was put in the Constitution, Johnson wouldn’t be able to say the bill was unconstitutional- 1967—blacks rally at protests, run for office, and wino 60% of SC legislature was held by African Americanso 2 black Senators- Fight for free public education institutions- Economically, African Americans haven’t been able to improve much because of angry white Southerners and no landResistance and Rebuilding in the South- Small minority of Southerners are cooperative with reconstruction (called scallowags)- Most strongly believe in racial hierarchy and want to society to return as closely to what is was as possible- Black Codeso Passes in every southern stateo Attempted to keep blacks in agricultural jobso SC’s Black Codes substituted “servant” for “slave,” and the employer was still referred to as “master”o Attempted to control their locations with vagrancy fines “Vagrant” blacks would be arrested Plantation owners could pay their fine and hire them to pay it back, basically putting them back into slaveryo Affected all blacks, not just freed slaves- Radical reconstruction eliminates black codes, but there is still heavy resistance to the changes- Ku Klux Klano Founded by Confederate veterans in Tennessee in 1866o Military for democrats—terroristso In basically every southern stateo Forced blacks to fear voting and running for office, and even for whites to support blacks in officeo North wants KKK to stop, but can’t without the help of the federal governmento Pres. Grant responds with Enforcement Acts—outlaw KKK and make violation of 14th Amendment a federal offenseo Effectively suppresses KKK by 1872 (for now)- Reconstruction comes to an end because the North grows tired of it- By 1877 whites begin to take back the government- Redeemers: white democrats who want to end reconstruction and get federal government out of their lives- New waves of white violence, Pres. Grant doesn’t intervene- 1876-election yearo Republicans—Rutherford B. Hayeso Democrats—Samuel J. Tildeno Tilden wins every southern state except SC, Florida, and Louisiana, where thereis a discrepancy about who the winner iso No coincidence—those three states were the only three still under reconstruction, so it was harder for whites to manipulate voterso Congress puts together a commissiono Decided on a secret compromise (Compromise of 1876): Hayes wins, but reconstruction ends in SC, Florida, and Louisiana- White Southerners allowed to continue redemptiono Cut school budgets and taxeso Allow unemployed blacks to be arrested and loaned out as workers to whites- Jim Crowe Laws—segregate public schools, buildings, transportation, etc.o In Georgia, whites could not play baseball within 2 blocks of a black playgroundand vice versao Deny African Americans the right to vote via poll taxes and impossible literacy testso Somewhat adopted in North too, into 20th century- Southern Democrats focused on negative liberty- The Lost Cause: the way the South reimagined life after Civil Waro Becomes embedded in cultureo Gone with the Wind Before the war: life was prestigious, luxurious; blacks and whites lived in racial harmony After the War: wanted to restore that