HIST 112 1st Edition Lecture 6 The Gilded AgeOutline of Last Lecture I. Reconstruction as a Civil Rights MovementII. Resistance and Rebuilding in the SouthOutline of Current Lecture I. Overview of Gilded AgeII. Household Economy in Early AmericaIII. Manufacturing/Consumer RevolutionIV. Transportation RevolutionV. Labor RevolutionVI. Leisure RevolutionCurrent LectureKey Terms:- Gilded Age- Montgomery Ward- Sears, Roebuck, & Company- Electric Trolley- Standard Railway Time- Taylorism- “Gay 90s”- James Buchanan DukeOverview of Gilded Age- Called Gilded Age because it seemed beautiful, but was actually not- Small amount of Americans became insanely wealthy- For working Americans, times were getting tougho Working 6 days a week in dangerous conditions for 10-12 hrs/dayo 1 in every 11 steel workers died on the job- Extreme inequality of wealth- There is a growing middle class- Robber barons: Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt…These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Workers are demanding better working conditions- Formation of new communities- Psychological equality grows regardless of class- Time of anxietyHousehold economy of early America- Most lived on rural farmso Produce almost everything they needo Everyone chips in on the farmo Most money goes to household, not marketo Task-oriented instead of time-oriented—life does not revolve around a clocko Leisure and work blend together- Started changing in the Northeast with the factory system- Idea for early factory work: bring in young farm girls who make a little money before getting married, then replace them with other farm girls- There is an American recession and an influx of poor Irish immigrants who take the factory jobs- Factory life becomes exactly what Americans had tried to avoid- Life begins to be clock-oriented- Do one part of a larger job all day, 10-12 hrs.- Civil War demands more ready-made clothes for soldiers- Science of sizing leads to almost all clothing being ready-made, as opposed to going to a tailor or having to make all your clothes yourselfManufacturing and Consumer Revolution- Mail-order catalog—first one came from Montgomery Ward called the Wish booko Was exceptional for rural Americans—like magic!o By 1890s had grown to 200+ pages- Sears, Roebuck, & Company puts out own catalog in 1893o Called themselves cheapest collection of goods in 1894o “for everyone”—not just the richo Told customers if they don’t find what they want, write to uso Kansas farmer writes asking for a wife—emphasizes how it seemed like practically anything was available- Cities have department stores (Macy’s)Transportation Revolution- Travel time cut immensely- Plank roads—weren’t ideal- Americans are enthusiastic about connecting country with roads and canals- Eerie Canal made in 1820s- 1830s—railroads- Railroads > canals because railroads are unaffected by weather- Before railroads, people used relative time (one town may have 20 min time difference form another town)o Standard time zones for connecting townso Nov 1883 – Standard Railway Timeo 5 time zones (Intercolonial, Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific)- Horse and buggy was the most commonly used mode of transport after Civil Waro Made A LOT of mud and manure- People wanted to be modern, and they associated hygiene with modernity- Solution: electric trolley (up to 20 mph)Labor Revolution- Workers don’t find work satisfy—not crafting a work of art from beginning to end- Unhappy with danger and low wages- Labor unions arise- First Labor Day parade in Sept 1982- Cleveland declares Labor Day a national holiday in 1894- Life is becoming standardized- Factory owners look for efficiency—treat their workers like machineso Frederick Winslow Taylor—Taylorismo Time=Moneyo Max labor in min timeLeisure Revolution- Growing middle class—store clerks, white collar- Gay 90s—more time for leisure because of standardized lifestyle (work time separate from leisure time)- Vacation timeo Was new for most Americanso Chose to go places that were educational or beneficial to health- Rise in amusement parks (Coney Island)- Picnics, baseball, other spectator sports- Working class goes to barso Saloon becomes most popular leisure time activity from 1870s-prohibitiono Different bars catered to different trades- If you don’t like saloons, you can go to drug store and get a soda- Canned food and ice boxes make it easier to store food longer- Beef more popular and affordable- James Buchanan Duke—1880s mechanizes the process of rolling cigaretteso Brought tons of jobs to