HIST 112 1st Edition Lecture 12The Progressive EraOutline of Last Lecture I. Intro to the Progressive EraOutline of Current LectureI. Early ProgressivismII. Theodore RooseveltIII. TafIV. Election of 1912Current LectureKey Terms- Jane Addams and Hull House (Chicago 1889)- “Muckrakers”- Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives (1890)- Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil (1904)- Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (1906)- “Separate spheres”- Emma Goldman and Margaret Sanger- AFL & Samuel Gompers- IWW & William “Big Bill” Haywood- Socialist Party & Eugene Debs- Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)- Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890)- Initiative, referendum, and recall- Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1908)- “Square Deal”- Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- Meat Inspection Act (1906)- Hepburn Act (1906)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Taf (1908-1912)- 16th Amendment- Bull Moose Party- New Nationalism- New freedom- 17th Amendment- FTC (1914)- Clayton Act (1914)- Keating Owen Act (1916)- Adamson Act (1916)- Warehouse Act (1916)- 18th Amendment- 19th AmendmentEarly Progressivism- American Federation of Laboro Founded in 1886o President was Samuel Gomperso Only accepted skilled laborers- IWWo Founded in 1905o Welcomed all workers (skilled or unskilled)o Defied capitalismo Led by William Haywood- Socialist Partyo Founded in 1901o Eugene Debs runs in 1912 election for the partyo Other socialist leaders were in office all over the countryo Regulated the work of women and children- Interstate Commerce Commission – 1887o Especially regulated railroad priceso Largely ineffective at first- Sherman Anti-Trust Act - 1890o Gave Congress authority to break up monopolieso Also very ineffective at first- Progressives fought to give power to the votero Initiative, referendum, and recallo Secret balloto Direct election of senators instead of through a caucusTheodore Roosevelt- Chosen by McKinley as VP in 1900 electiono Many people were upset because they saw him as a “cowboy”o McKinley was assassinated in 1901, TR becomes President- 1902 coal miner strikeo National crisis—US needs coalo TR invites the management to DC and threatens them with military force if they don’t negotiate with the workers- Goes to war on monopolieso Wanted to actually execute the Sherman Anti-Trust Acto America loves it!- Election of 1904o Runs on the “Square Deal”o Wants to regulate big business Some are good and do not deserve punishment Others are bad and need to be broken upo Encourages Congress to take regulatory action on the economy- Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) and Meat-Inspection Act (1906)o Both responses to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle - Hepburn Act (1906) gives Congress ability to force rates on companies like the railroadPresident Taf (1908-1912)- Endorsed by TR in 1908 election- Supports 16th Amendment which implements graduated income tax- Busted even more trusts than TR- Eventually people think that Taf has turned from favoring progressivism to big business1912 Election- Taf is re-nominated to run for Republicans- TR is upseto Leaves Republicanso Creates Bull Moose Partyo Runs on “New Nationalism”—updated version of the Square Deal- Wilson and “New Freedom”o Believes that a the government should strengthen anti-trust movements, workersunions, and small businesso Afer a while the government will be able to be more laissez-faire- Eugene Debs – Socialist Partyo Got 6% of the vote—much larger than normal- Wilson wins because TR and Taf split the
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