HIST 112 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Populist Party PlatformII. L. Frank Baum’s The Wizard of OzIII. The Populist MindIV. Election of 1896V. Aftermath of ElectionOutline of Current LectureI. Foreign Policy before 1898II. ImperialismIII. Spanish American WarCurrent LectureKey Terms- Monroe Doctrine- William H. Hunt- Alfred T. Mahan- Influences of Seapower on History- Yellow Journalism- William Randolph Hearst- USS Maine- Teller Amendment- Battle of San Juan- Rough Riders- Emilio AguinaldoAmerican Foreign Policy Before 1898- After independence, wanted to establish friendly relations with French, Dutch, and Spanisho Isolationist—“friendliness and commerce”o Steer clear of permanent alliances- End of 1700s, British and French in war, US wants to trade with both- Monroe Doctrine (1823)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Europe stays out of Western Hemisphereo Any intervention in Western Hemisphere will be seen as a threat to the USo US stays out of Easto British Navy helped enforce- US had little desire to expand with a few exceptions:o War with Mexicoo Manifest Destiny—US was meant to expand from Pacific to Atlantico Native American removalo Spanish, French, and British claims in North AmericaImperialist Impulse- 1890s—domestic frontier is closedo No more cheap land when cities get crowdedo Produces more anxietyo Conflicts with American Dream- Solution: open foreign markets to increase sales of American goods- The rest of the world was currently trying to box US out- Idea of expanding to foreign markets coincided with the North’s desire to spread their American values to the South and globally- Two steps:o Acquire more trade posts and naval bases (accomplished with Alaska, Midway, Pearl Harbor)o Beef up Navy for national security- Any threat to foreign markets would be seen as a matter of national security- Accompanied by improvements in technology (guns, steel, engines)- William H. Hunto Goes to President Arthur, states need for a strong Navyo Congress agreeso Argument strengthened by Alfred T. Mahan’s book Influence of Seapower upon History- Americans excited to show off new Navy, go looking for reasons to use ito Hawaii (1893) American planters rebel against Hawaiian queeno President Harrison sets up for annexationo President Cleveland comes to office and stops the annexation because most Hawaiians don’t even want it- Meanwhile in Cuba… the US opposes Spanish control in Cuba- Yellow Journalismo Focuses on sensationalism rather than factso William Randolph Hearst publishes exaggerated accounts of Spanish rule in Cuba,rallies Americans to want to take action- Teddy Roosevelt believed that US should go to war with Spain for practice- 1895—Cubans rebel; led by Marquiso Guerilla warfareo Spain reacts harshly—puts Cubans in reconcentradoso Spain looks bad to other countrieso Seems to confirm Hearst’s accounts- McKinley doesn’t want to go to war because he believes in isolationism and the economy is still weak from Panic of 1893- Instead he pressures Spain to lighten upo Spain offers negotiations, but Cuban rebels rejectSpanish American War- 8000 Americans in Cuba- USS Maine (1898)o Stationed in Cuba to protect economic interestso February—USS Maine sinks, 266 American soldiers dieo Americans blame Spanish (it was actually just an accident)- Shortly after the sinking of the USS Maine, US intercept a Spanish letter that is insulting to McKinley- April 11, 1898 McKinley asks Congress for permission to intervene in Cubao Congress responds with Teller Amendment Demands Cuban independence States that US does not want to annex
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