HIST 112 1st Edition Lecture 4More about ReconstructionOutline of Last Lecture I. Freedom in Republican NorthII. National MissionOutline of Current Lecture I. SuccessionII. Reconstruction as a Political MovementCurrent LectureKey Terms:- Ten percent plan- Wade-Davis Bill- Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67)- Reconstruction Act- Radical Republicans/Reconstruction (1867-77)- “Waving the bloody shirt”- Civil Rights Bill of 1866- Black Codes- KKK- Redeemers- Jim Crowe Laws- The Lost CauseSuccession- Had been an idea for a long time, usually due to a clash of power between federal and state governments- For example, many New Englanders were against the War of 1812- In 1824 a tariff was passed that hurt the cotton industry but helped the Northern economy grow—many Southerners were upset- The tariff was raised again in 1828, Southerners called it the “Tariff of Abomination”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Calhoun discusses the legality of nullifying federal laws at the state level (such as the controversial tariff)o Calhoun believed that the Union was a combination of sovereign stateso Therefore, if a state disagreed with a federal policy, they could nullify ito If the federal government did not compromise somehow, the state had every right to succeed- Webster and many others disagreed with Calhoun, and thought that the Union was made up of individuals, and succession was unlawful- The tariff was raised again in 1832, so South Carolina nullified it- President Jackson threatens SC with military force- Resulted in the Compromise of 1833, which lowered the tariff to a reasonable price- Solved the problem, but did not answer the question of legality of succession- This history with succession dictated how reconstruction had to be dealt with:o Must be done in a way that did not validate the Confederacyo Lincoln wanted to treat the South as if it had never left the Uniono However, they had to earn their right to statehood backo Didn’t want to be too lenient or too harshReconstruction as a Political Movement- Ten Percent Plan for Reconstructiono Developed by Lincolno Promised amnesty and restoration of statehood as soon as 10% of a state’s white male population swore an oath of allegiance to the Uniono Then reconstruction would be overo Was very lenient, which upset many radical Republicanso Also made no mention of the freed slaveso Was rejected by Congress- Wade-Davis Bill (1864)o Congress’s response to Ten Percent Plano Required oath of allegiance from majority of white male populationo Guaranteed freed slaves equal protection under lawo Lincoln rejected it because it was too radical- April 1865 – Lincoln is assassinated, Andrew Johnson becomes president- Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67)o Started off very similar to Ten Percent Plano Johnson had great contempt for the Southern Eliteo Excluded pardons to Confederate leaders and wealthy Southerners (meaning they couldn’t run for office)o Johnson would choose governors for southern states, then reconstruction would endo Many people groveled for their pardons and were given them Example: Alexander Stephens was the VP of the Confederacy, then went on to hold office in Georgiao Southerners defined African American rights very narrowlyo Johnson had no intention of protecting blacks’ rightso Radical Republicans turn against Johnson- Radical Republicanso Thought the South needed to be reconstructed to solve race problemo Advocated racial equality including right to vote- 1866 was an important election year in Congresso Johnson was against the 14th Amendmento Radical Republicans swept election, and 14th Amendment was passed- Reconstruction Act (1867)o Shifted power of reconstruction to Radical Republicanso Divided South into 5 military zones for executing reconstructiono Redo the southern government with black men having the ability to vote- Impeachment of Johnson (1867)o Was saved by 1 vote in the Senate- Election of 1868o Probably had the most rhetoric of any American electiono Republicans accuse Southern Democrats of starting the war, and killing Lincoln (called “waving the bloody shirt”)o Democrats say Republicans want whites to be subjugated under blacks—even said Republicans wanted white women to be raped by black meno Ulysses S. Grant wins, and the 15th Amendment