HIST 112 1st EditionLecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I. Not applicableOutline of Current Lecture I. Gettysburg AddressII. What is Freedom?III. The Slave PopulationIV. The WarV. Emancipation ProclamationCurrent LectureKEY TERMS:- Gettysburg Address- Positive Liberty- Negative Liberty- Emancipation Proclamation- Freedmen- Reconstruction Amendments- 13th Amendment- 14th Amendment- 15th Amendment- Paternalism- Carpet Baggers- Free Wage Labor- “Free soil, free labor, free men”- Freedman’s BureauNovember 9, 1863 – Lincoln is asked to make a few remarks at the National Soldier Cemetery in Gettysburg. It is short but considered one of the best speeches in history.- Alludes to words of Founding Fathers- Believes in international implications of the war—US is an experiment that a large government could adequately provide liberty to its citizens- The US is an example, a “city on a hill”- If the Confederates can disagree with the Union, then why can’t the rest of the world?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Confederate succession would mean the experiment failedWhat is “freedom”?- Isaiah Berlin defines it in his essay:o Positive liberty = freedom to do Xo Negative liberty = freedom from X- It is not about choosing one over the other; more like a spectrum, where some groups focus on freedom to do X while others focus on freedom from XThe slave population- Pre-Civil War there were 4 million enslaved African Americans- The physical violence wasn’t as brutal as the emotional violence- 20% of slaves were separated from their familyThe War- The Civil War was not started with the intentions of freeing slaves- South Carolina was the first state to concede in 1860- In 1861 shots were fired at Fort Sumter- Lincoln under pressureo Horace Greely wrote to him in 1862 urging him to make the war about freeing slaveso Lincoln replied that he intended to save the Union the quickest way possible, although personally Lincoln was against slaveryo He couldn’t change the meaning of the war to slavery for a while because the North had been losing, and doing so would have been controversial- Battle of Antietam – September 17, 1862o Finally an opportunity for Lincoln to change meaning of waro Bloodiest battle in the waro Was technically a stalemate, but Robert E. Lee’s men were forced to retreat out of Northern territory, so Northerners viewed it as a win- Emancipation Proclamation – September 22, 1862o Said that as of Jan 1, 1863 all slaves in any state in rebelliono Did not have the sweeping effect that Union had anticipatedo Lincoln had hoped the Confederacy would come to their senses and end war by surrenderingo Many European countries were against slavery and therefore did not want to support the
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