HIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Theodore Roosevelt Foreign Affairs Continued II Japanese Concerns with U S III U S Concerns with Japan IV William Howard Taft and U S Foreign Affairs V Woodrow Wilson and U S Foreign Affairs Outline of Current Lecture I Progressive Era Amendments II Theodore Roosevelt 1901 1909 III Roosevelt And Trusts IV Roosevelt and Conservation V William Howard Taft 1909 1913 VI Taft Administration Antagonizing Progressives VII Taft Administration Progressive Accomplishments VIII Election of 1912 IX Roosevelt s New Nationalism X Wilson s New Freedom XI Similarities between New Nationalism and New Freedom XII Difference between New Nationalism and New Freedom Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute I Progressive Era Amendments 16th amendmen1913t allowed for the implementation for an income tax constitutional standpoint 17th amendment allowed for the direct election of federal senators up until this time federal senators were chosen by state legislators 18th amendment 1919 allowed for the implementation of prohibition on a federal level 19th amendment 1920 gave women constitutionally the right to vote II Theodore Roosevelt 1901 1909 William McKinley up for reelection in 1900 Roosevelt was a state level legislator in NY that was trying to push in a progressive direction NY wanted to get them out of their hair so they put him on the ballot with McKinley for Vice President The VP at the time only broke a tied vote in the senate and waited for the president to die SUDDENLY McKinley in assassinated Roosevelt becomes president 42 years old youngest man serving as president up till that time What did he think of himself as president Roosevelt believed he was morally bound to further the interest of the people as he understood those needs In a sense he is viewing this in a similar light to Andrew Jackson IN THE SENSE as president he is the one person that is elected by all of the people this is one reason why he is MORALLY bound Because he has the power he can decide solely on certain things Roosevelt believed government should o Assure honesty and fairness in Government AND business o Give individuals greater economic opportunity the square deal His election campaign in 1904 platform was the square deal that made sure that every citizen of the united states was granted the ability to take advantage of opportunities that came their way and government should not come in between citizens and these opportunities Not taking about a welfare state Government should make sure there is a level playing field for Americans ROOSEVELT WAS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT He was very much opposed to socialism control of reform should be in the hands of responsible progressive republicans NOT DEMOCRATS OR SOCIALISTS Roosevelt referred to the socialists and way progressives as the lunatic fringe He would rather take some reform rather than no reform at all which is opposite of the socialists Roosevelt was critical of his own class He didn t have a massive amount of money but was form the group He condemned individuals like Rockefeller and JP Morgan referred more than once to men of wealth who resisted change as arrogantly stupid and malefactors of great wealth Rich people who had bad ideas that were truly selfish He is referred to as a traitor of his own class III Roosevelt And Trusts There was a division of two groups whether or not a company paid heed to the public welfare in its actions If it did paid heed then it could operate because it was a good trust if it didn t then it was a bad trust and Roosevelt wanted to use legislation to tear them down Northern Securities Company Suit 1902 began as a territory battle over railroads and ended up forming a holding company to share the profits as a compromise As far as the case brought against them in choosing a company to take down Roosevelt wanted to make sure that he would not fall into the same problem of the DC Knight Case sugar refining company that the US Supreme court found that it was a manufacturing company so only intra state not interstate company so couldn t be found guilty Railroads operate across many state lines so he chose it specifically for the anti trust suit The Attorney general filed suit against the northern insecurities company was in violating and the Supreme Court s ruling agreed This ultimately helps put teeth on the Sherman Antitrust act Roosevelt ultimately in his almost 2 terms of presidency he instituted 25 antitrust suits HE would be known as the Great Trust Buster Anthracite Coal Strike 1902 anthracite coal is the most important due to its density so very important strike if goes on long A union that wanted to be recognized by the mine called for a strike 140 000 minors eventually go on strike to gain union recognition shorter working hours and higher wages Roosevelt after 5 months of the strike may 1902 Oct 1902 summons an Invitation t miner s union leaders and mine owners to come to Whitehouse to make a settlement John Mitchel Chief of Union mineworkers says he will come but mine owners refuse because they don t want Roosevelt s interference and want the mineworkers to get nothing Theodore Roosevelt was known as an academic scholar and a man of action He tells the mine owners that they either come to the Whitehouse or I will send military troops to the mine He feels for the miners BUT he also needs those coal miners to continue production They say okay and sit with presidential arbitration and as far as the results are concerned in 1903 the workers are awarded higher wages and shorter working hours However the miners would NOT recognize the union but the union knew they would fight that battle again later So unlike Cleveland Roosevelt was seen as a friend of labor IV Roosevelt and Conservation Another example of Roosevelt s progressivism was Roosevelt s Idea of Conservation vs Preservation Roosevelt wanted to ensure that future Americans could enjoy the outdoor life that enabled him to become a strapping young man Also be able to enjoy the various resources would be available He increased national reserves of forests coal lands and waterpower sites for the eventual building of water electric dams Roosevelt will be instrumental in working for the passage off the New Lands Act of 1902 that worked to irrigate land To develop more