HIST 2112 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 13Lecture 1 Review over SyllabusLecture 2Many former confederates wanted a quick and easy reconstruction, a reconstruction that wouldallow them to recreate a society that they lost as close as possible. The North wanted to reconstruct the South to the point that slavery would never rise again. The Civil War tore our country apart. Three quarters of the white population carried arms in the war as well as many freed slaves. The number of people involved as well as the ones who died was significant. Even after the war was over there were still numerous issues that needed to be solved such as reuniting the south and north. Lincolns approach towards reconstruction was the gentle approach, he believed in malice towards none and charity towards all. For the southern states to be let back into the union 10% of the voters had to sign a loyalty oath to vote as well as rewrite their constitution and take responsibility for the war as well apologize. Lincoln believed the slaves should be sent back overseas. When Andrew Johnson took over as president he kept the same reconstruction plan except he would make the confederate officers and the rich plantation owner’s travel to Washington to get a written piece of paper at the White House saying that they were good. He was extremely racist and he despised abolitionists. The South started passing black codes which helped to hinder the blacks from doing certain things. The Southerners were trying to force the black to continue working on plantations; they were trying to recreate society. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were passed to outlaw slavery, make blacks citizens, and give them the right to vote. Andrew Johnson was against those amendments. The Freedmen’s bureau was created by radical republicans to help former slaves. The group did not get along with Johnson so they attempted to get rid of him by passing laws and then watching to see if he broke them. The house was not uniformly confederate. Lecture 3Slavery started in other countries and continents before it spread to America. Slavery was different in other countries. Owning slaves showed economic political power. 75% of the white southerners did not own slavery but they still supported slavery because slaves were below them and they didn’t want to be at the bottom. As soon as the slaves were freed they would go in search of their family members that were separated from them. The slaves were never taughthow to read because the plantation owners felt more secure when their slaves could not read and write that way they would not get ideas from books to revolt. When the blacks were freedthey literally created their own schools so they could teach themselves and become smarter. They established their own churches because it was one of the few places they could control. The Freedman’s group was able to workout a deal with the farmers where the slaves would provide the land and all the tools that were needed to grow cotton and the slaves would grow itand they would give the plantation owners a percentage of what they made. However, the Sharecropping system ended up putting the freed slaves in debt to the plantation owners. Lecture 4The Americans did not like the native Indians on their land so the government forced them to move out west. During the Reconstruction the freed slaves would travel to the west where the Indians lived because it was a place where they could escape. However, when the gold rush hit it caused the people to move once again to the Indians land. The Americans wanted the Indians eliminated so the Sand Creek massacre occurred in 1964. The Americans wanted to assimilate the Indians that were left and to change them to be more like Americans. The Americans created boarding schools for the Indian children so they could teach them to be more like whites. The whites went by “kill the Indian, save the man”. The government divided up land to give to the Indians so they could be farmers, but the best land went to the whites. Lecture 5The blacks had to live in incorporated cities where the city would keep all blacks names written down on paper. It was illegal for a black to live in an unincorporated city. Reconstruction technically ended in 1877 but there was still a lot more reconstruction needed. The Indians whoowned slaves were a lot nicer to the slaves than the white were. The whites felt superior to the Indians and African Americans. Lecture 6The time zone was created due to the railroads. Industrialism changed where people worked, lived, wealth, and power. Business’s before 1870 were small and independent. And the vast majority of people were farmers. Once Industrialism started it changed business’s. Andrew Carnegie created his own steel company and he created his company so that he had corporate efficiency. Monopolies and Trusts would fix prices so that they would benefit more from their companies. The Republican party was against slavery and pro-industry. Social Darwinism played a huge role in industrialism. It was survival of the finest when it came to businesses and people. The people who weren’t big enough or strong to continue playing in the game were removed. Carnegie would give all his money to education. Robert Baron is a phrase for someone who is nervous of the implications of the gilded age and are afraid that companies are threat to democracy, free enterprise, and won’t pay the workers enough.Lecture 7When working in the Industry about 30-40 million workers would die a year. The sanitation in the factories was awful as well as the long hours that was required of the workers. Taylorism is when people would come in and analyze the company’s production process. And then they would come up with a series of moves for the employees so that all inefficiency was removed from the work place. They tried to turn the employees into robots, scientific management system for labor. When the machines started making everything in the factories the skilled people were no longer needed, and the factories would hire cheap unskilled workers. Due to all the terrible things done by the factories a bunch of unions were created. The National Labor Union which started in 1866 they were not that aggressive or radical. They would only let good and solid workers in their union. In 1877 there was a railroad strike, the workers were furious because the company cut their wages by 20% as well as speeding up the
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