American history to 1865Republicanism: after 1800, the US became a democratic republic, with widespread participation by white adult men of all social classes and, after 1920, by adult womenuniversal white male suffrage: after the 1800s, as Federalists and Republicans competed for power, they ignored customary gender rules and encouraged property-owning single women and widows to vote. Sensing a threat to the male-dominated political world, in 1807 the NJ legislature limited voting rights to white men only. African Americans were also given qualifiers (if even) such as being property-holders, to be eligible to votesentimentalism: orginated in Europe as part of the Romantic movement and, after 1800, rapidly spread through all classes of American society. Rejected Enlightment ideas on rational thought and, instead, promoted feeling. praised marriages that came from the heart instead of wallet, etc. (arranged marriages) father's role changed from authoritarian patriarchs to watchful paternalists---republican idealscompanionate marriages: love marriages rather than arranged marriages (after 1800)-gave wives true equality, both of rank and fortune, with their husbands---republican values of equality and mutual respect, husbands began to see their wives as partners rather than inferiors or dependents...divorces happened more on emotional grounds, rather than just strict moral groundsrepublican motherhood: US experienced sharp decline in birthrate after 1800 b/c 1) many men had migrated west and left thousands of unmarried women in the east or delayed their marriage, which meant fewer children, 2) urban middle class deliberately had small families so fathers could leave them an adequate inheritance, women did not want to spend their entire adulthood rearing children (individualism and self-achievement)....Christian ministers embraced the idea..woman should raise children, held power over how their children should be raised to believe and actNoah Webster: simplified the English language (spellings) and defined words according to common usage, wanted Americans to be independent in literature as well as politicsAmerican Colonization Society: WHO: group of influential Americans including Henry Clay who believed that slaves should be emancipated and sent back to AfricaWHEN: around 18178CONTEXT: many had hoped that slavery would die off after Atlantic Slave Trade stopped and the tobacco economy declined but it didnt. instead, the cotton boom increased the demand for slaves and more slave states entered the Union8SIGNIFICANCE: the society was formed but many planters refused to emancipate their slaves, only a few thousand resettled in
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