Searching for Order – The Progressive Movement in AmericaI. Beginnings of Progressivisma) “muckrakers”i) Ida Tarbell- A history of Standard Oilii) Upton Sinclair- The Jungleiii) Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Livesiv) Lincoln Steffans- Shame of the Citiesb) the middle-class response to “industrial chaos”c) Exposed educated, middle-class Americans to factory life, bad conditions, poverty, etc.II. Progressive Characteristicsa) Usually (not always) white, middle class, professionalb) Often deeply committed Christians (motivated by religion)c) Often womeni) Gained the right to voteii) Especially when helping the poord) Four major agendasi) Political reform1. Getting rid of graft; cleaning up politics; gettingrid of political machinesii) Scientific efficiency1. Inefficient economy wastes resources, so bring in experts who will make things run smootheriii) Economic reform1. Opposed to monopolies; support government regulation of economyiv) Social Justice 1. the “Social Gospel” movementa. Charles Sheldon- In His Steps; started WWJDb. Said people shouldn’t compete; The Golden Rule, etc.2. interested in poverty3. mainly women, Christians**trying to make industrialism more friendly, fair, less chaotic**III. Three Progressive Storiesa) Settlement Houses – Hull House, etc.i) dedicated to improving urban conditionsii) Jane Addams, Alice Hamiltoniii) The Good Side – sincere efforts to help people, leads to increased female political activism, suffrage campaigns, etc.iv) The Bad Side – condescending? Self-centered?b) President Teddy Roosevelt i) Monopolies – tries to control them, though not always. ii) 1902 – Northern Securities Company broken up. TR goes on to attack others.iii) Unions – often supports them. Mine Workers and the “Square Deal,”b) Conservation – protecting land from industrial excessii) Resources – should be managed efficiently by experts. National Forest system set up and run by scientific forester Gifford Pinchot.iii) Aesthetic resources needed – many national parks
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