HIST 2112 1st edition Lecture 27Outline of Previous LectureI. ContainmentII. Communist AsiaIII. McCarthyismIV. EisenhowerV. Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D.)Outline of Current Lecture I. The “Fabulous” Fifties?II. Why the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s?III. The Legal Approach – early 1950sIV. The “Civil Disobedience” ApproachV. A successful LegacyCurrent Lecture I. The “Fabulous” Fifties? The Civil Rights Movement: The “Second Reconstruction”o A lot of the African Americans are not voting at this time because theyare being intimidatedo The Second Reconstruction eventually makes the first reconstruction arealityII. Why the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s? The Civil Rights movement was intense and it became successful World War II was extremely important because during this time is when segregation endedo The struggle against the Nazis in particular is very important back homeo The actions back home were contradicting what they were fighting abroad Cold Waro “To Secure these Rights” was a book that talked a lot about the sovietsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. The soviets are hammering on the US for not upholding the free rights back in their home country, they called the US hypocrites Expectations in a consumer societyo Virtually everybody is doing better in the 1950s W.E.B Dubois is telling the African Americans to fight for their rights and to not lie down. He tells them that the African Americans need to take their rights, instead of waiting for their rights to be handed to them because that isunrealistic Booker T. Washington is telling the African Americans to live their lives living arighteous life where they can’t say we are bad citizens, he was telling them tolive reputable lives and eventually people would say that they deserved to have all the same rights as them.III. The Legal Approach – early 1950s The NAACP o NAACP is a legal organization of lawyers and well educated peopleo Their idea was that if we can attack the laws that are based on segregation, eliminate those laws and segregation will collapse and African Americans will get their rightso There biggest victory was Brown vs. Board, 1954 Supreme court surprisingly votes that it is wrong for them to segregate in the schools Schools must desegregate Constitutional Crisis- Massive resistance movement by southern schools- George Wallace, Lester Maddox, “school choice, segregation academics, etc.” A lot of private schools were created and since private schools cost a lot of money it eliminated the poor and usually the African Americans are poor In most schools the whites would choose one school and the African Americans would choose the other school. Schools were automatically segregated by the choices of the people o The Whites didn’t want to go to school with the African Americanso And the African Americans didn’t want to choose the school with all the whites because they would be bullied and treated awfully Civil Rights Movement as Communism Little Rock High School desegregatedo The governor ordered the National guard to stop African Americans from entering into the High Schoolo The President sends the 100 and First Airborne down to the high school to let the 9 African Americans attend the schoolo The school decides to retaliate and they shut down the school for a whole year, the government then forces them to reopen itIV. The “Civil Disobedience” Approach Now people are protesting in the streets, there is a shift in tactics Major inspiration: murder of Emmett Till, 1955o It is a major inspiration in the tactic changeo The little boys death causes a grassroot movement Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955o The African Americans decide to revolt, the African Americans for a whole year decide to walk to work or to carpoolo None of them use the buses anymore and the bus company’s start to go bankrupto Debut of MLK and the founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference “Sit-Ins – early 1960so The African Americans start to go to restaurants and sit in the white sectionso African Americans are becoming more aggressive and they are puttingtheir bodies on the line “Nonviolence” as official strategyo Birmingham protests, 1963 The African Americans had a march knowing they would get hurt so they could get pictures of the police beating them up just because the African Americans are coming together The pictures go around the country and people are wondering why the federal government is not stepping in People start to see that the police are not protecting the African Americanso Freedom Rides – 1961 Is when the African Americans sat on the bus where the whites were sitting The KKK usually attacked them and would throw smoke bombsinto the bus and than beat the African Americans Mississippi Freedom Summer – 1964o Organizing freedom voting drives in MississippiV. A successful Legacy It works Civil Rights Act of 1964o Makes segregation in public illegalo Knocks Jim Crowe laws down Voting Rights Act, 1965o Eliminates things such as literacy tests and grandfather clauseso Helps African Americans be able to vote Success on the
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