World War I and the Red ScareI. A very brief reference to the Great War, and a Couple of Key Points1) the Great Migration- jobs open up in factories; ½ black population goes north to work in factories2) Woodrow Wilson, the Versailles Treaty, and the Decline of Progressivisma) 14 points including freedom of the seas and a League of Nationsb) “making the world safe for democracy”3) British, French, Russians vs. Germans, Austria-Hungary4) 1st industrial war5) Bloodiest war until WWII6) A more avoidable war in historyII. The Antiwar Movement in World War I1) “Progressive doubters”a) Jane Addams and the Women’s Peace Partyb) Alice Paul2) Isolationists and Anti-Imperialistsa) William Jennings Bryan3) Labor Protestorsa) wages, prices, and labor unrestb) socialists, communists, etci) Eugene V. DebsIII. The Reaction to Antiwar Activities1) Anti-German feelings and “nativism”a) the American Protective League- assisted FBI in monitoring antiwar behavior2) US legislative/executive reactionsa) Post Office censorship, 1917b) Trading With The Enemy Act of 1917- censors pressc) The Committee on Public Information- created by Wilson to get support for the war; led to creation of Uncle Samd) Two Biggiesi) the Espionage Act of 1917- imposes sentences of up to 20 years for anyone aiding the enemy or found disloyal (obstructing the draft)ii) the Sedition Act of 1918 (amendment to theespionage act)- disloyal, profane, abusive language against the government, army, flag, draft, etc.; 1500 people arrested including Eugene V. Debs and the Wobblies3) Supreme Court Reactionsa) Schenk vs. United States (1919)b) Abrams vs. United States (1919)c) Pierce vs. United States (1920)IV. The Red Scare1) letter bombs mailed to thirty government officials2) A. Mitchell Palmer, J. Edgar Hoover and the “Radical Division”3) The “Red Ark” deportations4) January 1920 – the “Palmer Raids” arrest some 10,000 people5) Mitchell’s May Day warnings and the end of the ScareV. The 1920s – the end of Progressivism and the rise of the “consumer
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