Biology 1 Lab Study Guide for Practical #2Lab Exercise #4Lab Exercise #5Biology 1 Lab Study Guide for Practical #2Lab Exercise #4What are organic compounds? What atom are they based on? How many bonds can it make? What are the different types of functional groups? Which are the most important for most biochemical reactions? Which are found in biologically relevant molecules? What are hydrolysis and condensation reactions? What are polymers, monomers? What are the 4 classes of macromolecules? What are each composed of? What are their functions inside a cell? You should be able to list examples of each and some of their unique properties as well as recognize these molecules and their structures from each class. You should be able to list the single units of each class of macromolecule.You should be able to give examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and their location/function inside the cell. What are the levels of protein structure/organization? Give examples of each level. Which determines the structure and function of a protein? What is a polypeptide? What factors cause a protein to denature? What is a peptide bond and where is it found? What functional groups are involved?What are the different types of proteins? What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fats? Which are better for you? What is cholesterol? What makes up DNA and RNA, ATP? What are the bases involved? What are coenzymes and what is their function? Review table 3.1 in your textLab Exercise #5What are the 3 parts of The Cell Theory? What is a cell?All cells share what 3 common structural features? What is the function of each?What does it mean to be eukaryotic or prokaryotic? What are some of the differences between each of these types of cells? Which kingdoms are eukaryotic? Which kingdoms are prokaryotic? What are the 3 types of shapes bacteria can exist as? Be able to identify all of the following structures in a prokaryotic (bacterial) cell: flagella, capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA (know the function of each)Observation of human cheek cell: wet mount, stain using methylene blue, look for plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasmBe able to identify the following structures/organelles in a eukaryotic animal cell using model: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, chromatin, nucleolus, RER, SER, golgi body, mitochondria (know the function of each)Observation of elodea leaf and onion cell: make a wet mount of each and compare and contrast both types of cellsBe able to identify the following structures/organelles in a eukaryotic plant cell using model and: cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplast, central vacuole, cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, chromatin, nucleolus, RER, SER, golgi body, mitochondria (know the function of each)All cells are made of mostly what biologically relevant molecule?What is a solvent? What is a solute? What is a solution? How are they all related?What is the Fluid Mosaic Model? Explain the structure, function, and composition of the plasma membrane.What is selective permeability? What type of structure has it?What is diffusion? What is osmosis?What is a concentration gradient? What is equilibrium?What is tonicity? What is a hypertonic solution? What is a hypotonic solution? What is an isotonic solution?What does it mean for a cell to be turgid? What is turgor pressure?What is plasmolysis? What type of cell would this occur in?Lab Exercise #6What are metabolic pathways? What types are there inside cells? What is an enzyme? What is a substrate? What are 5 properties of enzymes? What do the enzymes catalase and hexokinase do? What are the substrates? What are the products? What is the energy of activation of a reaction? How do enzymes affect it? What are the parts to an enzyme? What is the induced fit and lock and key models? What 8 factors affect enzyme activity? How is enzyme action controlled? What are competitive and non competitive inhibitors? What are allosteric activators/inhibitors and how do they affect enzyme activity? What is feed back inhibition and how does it work to control enzymes? What enzyme will you be testing in this exercise? What is the substrate? What reagent is used to test if a reaction occurred? What color change is seen?What is the reaction the enzyme catalyzes?Was there any effect on enzyme activity at different temperatures and or