Biology 1 Study Guide for Exam #3Chapter 6Chapter 8Biology 1 Study Guide for Exam #3Chapter 6What is metabolism? What is energy? What are the different types of energy? How is energy measured? How and from where does energy flow to organisms and to the environment? What are the laws of thermodynamics? What is entropy? You should be able to compare 2 molecules and determine which has the most entropy.What are exergonic and endergonic reactions? Give examples of each. What is ATP? What is its role in cellular functions? What is phosphorylation? What are metabolic pathways? What types are there inside cells? What is an enzyme? What is a substrate? What are 5 properties of enzymes? What is the energy of activation of a reaction? How do enzymes affect it? What are the parts to an enzyme? What are cofactors and coenzymes? What is the induced fit and lock and key models? What 8 factors affect enzyme activity? How is enzyme action controlled? What are competitive and non competitive inhibitors? What are allosteric activators/inhibitors and how do they affect enzyme activity? What is feed back inhibition and how does it work to control enzymes? What is the role of electron transfer chains? What are reduction and oxidation reactions? What is photosynthesis? What is cellular respiration? What is NADPH? What is NADH?How is ATP made? What is chemiosmosis?Chapter 7What is an autotroph? What is a heterotroph? Give examples of eachWhat is photosynthesis? Give the correct chemical reaction that takes place.In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? Where do the light dependent reactions occur?Where do the light independent reactions occur? What is a wavelength? Which have the highest, lowest energy? At what wavelengths does photosynthesis occur at? What are pigments? What are photons? What are chlorophylls? What are carotenoids? What are phycobilins? What is a photosystem? What is the reaction center? What happens during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? Give the reactants and products? What is the electron transport system? What is its role? What is photolysis and where, when does it occur? What is the difference between cyclic and non-cyclic formation of ATP and NADPH? What are oxidation/reduction reactions? Which molecules get electrons, which lose them during photosynthesis? What is the purpose of NADPH?How is ATP made? What is ATP synthase? What is the chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis? What role do H+ ions play? What happens during the light independent reactions of photosynthesis? What are the reactants and products? Who is the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETS?What is carbon fixing? What is the Calvin Benson cycle? What is RuBP? What is RuBP carboxylase? What is glucose converted to in plants? What are C4, C3 and CAM plants? And how do they carbon fix? What specialized leaf cells are involved?Chapter 8What is cellular respiration and what is its purpose? How is cellular respiration related to photosynthesis? What is the chemical reaction that occurs in aerobic respiration? Review structure of glucose. What is glycolysis? Where does it occur in the cell? What are the end products? What is substrate level phosphorylation and where does it occur?What is fermentation? What is the ATP yield for fermentation? What types of cells do they occur in? What are the reactants and end products from fermentation?What are the prep steps between glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle? What is the citric acid cycle? Where does it occur (located in the cell)? What is the electron transport chain? Where does it occur? What are the roles of NADH, FADH2?Who is the final electron acceptor at the end of ETP?How is ATP made? What is the typical ATP yield for each step of cellular respiration? What is the ATP yield for the complete breakdown of 1 glucose?What are alternative energy sources the body (cells) can use? Which yields the most ATP?What is the metabolic pool concept? You should be able to tell which stages of aerobic respiration produce ATP, NADH, FADH2 and how many molecules of each.You should be able to compare and contrast both cellular respiration and photosynthesis. How arethese pathways dependent on each