Name: Student ID: General Biology Laboratory Exercise Laboratory Exercise 5:Osmosis & Cell Structure 1. Osmosis. A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which a substance, the solute, is dissolvedin a fluid, the solvent. The particles of the solute are of molecular or ionic size within the solution. Review section 5.6 – 5.7 of your text. In general, substances tend to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration, a process called diffusion. Membranes will often limit diffusion, because they allow only certain substances to cross, thus they are semipermeable. If you place aqueous solutions on either side of a membrane with solutes that cannot pass through the membrane, the diffusion of water, or will occur. Water tends to move from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration. Cells are susceptible to osmosis. If you place a cell in a solution higherin solutes (a solution) than inside the cell, the cell will shrink. If you place a cell in a solution lower in solutes (a solution), the cell will swell. If you place a cell in a solution with the same concentrationof solutes (an solution), the cell will neither shrink nor swell.a. What would happen to a blood cell if it were placed in distilled water? b. Plant cells have structures external to the plasma membrane, called which limit the amount of water that can diffuse into the cell by osmosis. In hypotonic solutions, plants will exhibit turgor, becoming firm. In hypertonic solutions, plants will wilt due to the plasma membrane pulling away from the cell wall, a process called plasmolysis.c. Osmosis Experiment. We will mimic a cell membrane by using dialysis tubing, closing either end with clips. We will place different solutions inside and outside each membrane, noting the change in the amount of solution inside the membrane.i. Obtain one section of dialysis tubing per group. Clip one end tightly with one of the clips provided.ii. Measure 10 mL of your group’s assigned solution for inside the membrane. Open the free end of your dialysis tubing. Pour in the 10 mL. Carefully forceout excess air by squeezing the bottom of the tubing. Fold and clip the free end.iii. Wet your tube in dH2O, blot dry, and weigh on the scale. Record your startingweight on the table below.iv. Fill a beaker with 200 mL of your group’s assigned solution for outside the membrane. Place your tube in the beaker. Record the time.v. Blot and weigh your tube after 45 minutes. Record the weight.vi. Blot and weigh your tube after 90 minutes. Record the weight.vii. Every student must produce a line graph of the change in weight at different concentrations of solution for the entire class. This graph must be computergenerated and properly labeled. Be sure to label your x-axis (time in minutes), y-axis (change in weight in grams), and the data lines for each group. Type a short paragraph explaining the results. This paragraph should include the following: 1. Identify independent vs. dependent variables2. A discussion of tonicity and osmosis. Include specific examples from the data you collectedviii. The graph with its paragraph explanation will be due at the beginning of the next class period.Data for Osmosis ExperimentConcentration of solutionWeight (g)Change in weight (g) from time zeroGroup Tube BeakerStartTime0 min. 45 min. 90 min.∆ at 0 min.∆ at 45 min.∆ at 90 min.123456782Cell Structure. You now have the opportunity to examine cell structure. You will be observing two of the three basic domains, which will include bacteria cells, protists cells, animal and plant cells.1. Bacteria. You are looking at an Endospore stain prepared slide of Bacillus. The green area represents the spore and the pink represents the vegetative (live) part of the cell. These bacteria are capable of creating spores which preserve the bacteria during harsh times. The spores can be dormant in the soil for many years. This is a gram positive bacteria which causes diseases such as anthrax (pulmonary and cutaneous), tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene. Draw one or two bacteria and label the spore and vegetative parts. Answer the following questions: a. Is this a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell? ________________b. Is this multicelled or single celled? ___________________c. Is this autotrophic or heterotrophic? __________________d. Does this organism have a cell wall? _________________e. How does this organism move? _____________________BacillusMagnification ______________2. Bacteria. Prepare a wet mount of oscillitoria. This is a common bacterium found in ponds and fresh water systems. This bacterium grows in filamentous colonies. Draw three to four individual cells which are part of the same filament. a. Is this a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell? ________________b. Is this multicelled or single celled? ___________________c. Is this autotrophic or heterotrophic? __________________d. Does this organism have a cell wall? _________________3e. How does this organism move? _____________________OscillatoriaMagnification _______________3. Protists. You will observe a cilliated protozoan from the phylum cillophora. This organism is ubiquitous to aquatic environments is free living and causes no known humandisease. Draw one paramecium and label the cell membrane and the nucleus. Does this organism have other intracellular organelles? ____________. If yes, why can you not see these structures? ______________________________________________. Before looking at the paramecium under the scope label this picture. 4What type of microscopy is seen in this picture? _______________________________a. Is this a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell? ________________b. Is this multicelled or single celled? ___________________c. Is this autotrophic or heterotrophic? __________________d. Does this organism have a cell wall? _________________e. How does this organism move? _____________________ParameciumMagnification __________________4. Protists. You will observe a flagellated protozoan from the phylum Mastigophora and thegenus Trypanosoma. This organism causes both African Sleeping Sickness and Chagas’ disease. It is transmitted by two types of insect vectors and