Psych 304 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Labeling TheoryOutline of Current Lecture II. Falsification vs. IntegrationIII. Approaches to IntegrationIV. Thornberry: Interactional Theory of Delinquency: Theoretical IntegrationV. Cullen: Social Support as Overarching Concept implicit in range theories VI. Conflict theoriesVII. Crime and criminalizationVIII.Conflict theorist: Sellin, VoldIX. Carrier’s caseCurrent LectureFalsification vs. Integration- Falsification of theory: test assumptions of theory with empirical researcho Theories making prediction inconsistent with the data are falsified- Theoretical Integration: draw from different theories to create more encompassing theory (new model showing relationships among variables). - Can also draw on a theme common to several theoriesThe debate:1. Integration vs. Falsification debate:a. Elliott: early integration of stain, control and learning theories to explain delinquency and drug use. Bringing all theories to explain more about deviance and delinquencyb. Hirschi argued against integration pointing out that theories are contradictory and their assumptions are incompatible. Keeping the theories separatec. Elliott responded that any given traditional theory can account for 10-20% of the variance in illegal behavior. ( each makes small contribution)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Is traditional approach to competing distinct theories pointless? – Elliott Yes because multiple causes of crime No because blending theories compromises original construct and ignores competing assumptions behind the theories- Hirschio Combine variables from different theories into a model to most fully explain crime and devianceo Or: offer new theoretical concept that organizes the arguments of a number of other theorieso Do both of the above in same theoryApproaches to theoretical Integration:- Bernard and Snipes:1. Criminologist should focus on variables rather than on the theories themselves. 2. Criminologist theories should be evaluated in their usefulness to the scientific process not in terms of their validity. 3. Criminologist researchers should shift from trying to falsify theories to focus on a risk factor approach (structured probabilities).Under some conditions integrating theory is good- Interactional Theory: blends social control and social learning perspectives- Perspectives assumes human behavior occurs in social interaction- Reciprocal effects: interactive system where the behavior of others are affected by the delinquent behavior of the adolescent ( contrasts with unidirectional effects)- What is the evidence? We don’t have a lot of evidence because the interaction model is so complexCullen: Social Support- Social support as implicit in various theories- Makes role of social support explicit- Integration achieved in a different way: by elaborating role of social support drawing on various theories. - What is social support? The perceived or actual instrumental or expressive provisions supplied by the community, social networks, and confiding partners. Conflict TheoryOutline: - Conflict theories- Crime and criminalization- Conflict theorist: Sellin, Vold- Carrier’s caseConflict theories:- Consensus vs. conflict approaches- Vold: group conflict and Political organizationo Democratic society: interest groups attempt to secure their own interests by lobbying the legislature to enact laws in its favor. - Criminalization: Under what circumstances to people become crimination. Making something into a prohibited act. It has to do relations of power. Criminalization is greatest when there is [power and balance in society. Subjects will be dealt with most harshly when there is balance of power. Involves the process of focusing on and making certain acts as criminal. There is a snese that in sometimes and places substance use is criminalized, but in other times and places it is legal. Thus, when it is illegal it is criminalized. - Carriers case:o Wool and cloth- valuable commoditieso The powerful actually change the law to find the bailee guilty. This had to do with the value of wool ect. At the time, being very valuable, and the interests of the King and others in ensuring their interests, not the bailee’s interests were represented in