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TAMU SOCI 304 - Crime Trends
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Soci 304 1nd Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Theory, Principles of Causal AnalysisOutline of Current Lecture II. Post war crime trends and pattersIII. Further explanation factors Current LecturePost War Crime Trends- Crime boom: 1961-1974 Crime started to increase after the baby boom- Crime bust: 1991-1997: Crime decreasedCauses of crime:Exogenous Effects Public Policy Effects1. Economy stress 1. Criminal Justice System2. Political Legitimacy Education and welfare3. Family disorganization4. Age structure5. Drug markets6. Routine Activity Exogenous effect: those that are largely independent of crime policy. They are influences that cause the outcome. Socio historical causes of crime trends1. Economy stress: the economy stress undermines legitimacy of social order and weakens social bonds. - We need to focus on relative deprivation and absolute deprivation: - Absolute deprivation: how families are doing in income relative to government poverty guideline These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Relative deprivation: The idea how one individual or group is fairing to another. Economical equality. - There was a widening gap between those who had resources and those who didn’t. It is the relative deprivation that was driving this crime trend.- Crime Boom: paradox during rising crime period: absolute vs. relative deprivation - Crime Bust: How does crime drop related to economy stress? In 1994 the decline in income in equal alongside crime dropped, but it may be to tell. 10% of crime drop was associated with economic stress2. Political Legitimacy: society faces the people of legitimacy laws and having populace follow them. When we have trust in the government and when we don’t. Crime increases when we don’t trust the government and vice versa. For people to obey the law they have to see the legitimacy of it. - Social disorganization will be disrupted if we don’t have political legitimacy - Break down in social organization will free actor to engage in antisocial behaviorsincluding crime- Resources mobilizations- Crime boom: Society doesn’t see the laws as a reasonable factor - Crime bust: not entirely clear but some evidence of increasing of political trust during in 2001 after 9/113. Family disorganization: families control crime but regulation behavior of family members- surveillance and positive bonds decrease antisocial behavior. Trends beginning in the 1960’s.- Crime change began in the 60’s when divorce rates rose- Women entered the labor force and children weren’t being supervised as much- Crime boom: rapid changed in family disorganization by be associated with rise incrime- Crime bust: what is happening with families that may contribute to the crime drop? We have different family forms. Less focus on the structure of the family and more about the relationship of family members. Family stability and routinizationAge and Crime- Crime peaks around 17-18 and declines after- UCR, NCVS and self- report data converge- Why? Peer influence is strong in adolescence. Adolescences want money but don’t have the means to get it, so they break laws to obtain money. They break laws also for the thrill of it. - Our ties to society increase with age, therefore, if you are more invested in society you are the least likely to break laws.- How does understanding the age/ crime relationship help us understand shifts in the nation’s crime rate? The increase of birth rate correlates to the increase of crime rates and vice versa. 4. Age structure:- Increase young people is also an increase of violent crime- Relationship found between proportions of people in population aged 14-32 years of age and homicide rate- Proportion of young people escalated in the 60’s reached peak in 70’s and decline in 80’s and 90’s.- Caution- people tend to overestimate this factor of crime. It is important, but it isnot the only factor that matters for crime. 5. Drug Markets:- Argument is that the expansion and contraction of drug market explains postwar U.S violent crime trends- 1960- heroin- 1980’s- crack- 1900’s- stability of drug markets and fewer use6. Routine Activities: Cohen and Felson (she is going to ask who found this concept)- Economy and social development in U.S brought changes in routine activity- Dispersion of activities away from home may leave heightened opportunity for crime. - For a crime to occur there needs to be 3 necessary elements all occurring at the same timei. Motivated offenderii. Suitable target: someone who is likely to get attackediii. Absence of capable guardian- Crime boom: 3 factors converge in grown period of crime- Crime bust: not conclusive there is more to learn about the bust, moves attention and situational variablesPublic Policy effects: defined as the effects of those policies aimed at reducing crime rates. Do these policies actually decrease crime?1. Criminals Justice system effects: police and prisons2. Education and welfare effects. School is a protective factor in crime. The more educated in population the less crime. a. Future influences i. Age compositionii. Incarceration: iii. Economy iv. Freak economics: look into abortion ratesIncarceration: focus on groups with low resources, if you focus on this it tends to create more problems.- Increase crime? Destabilization- Decrease crime? Deterrent- Local factors:- Local variation in crime rates- Policing- Firearms- Drug markets- Gangs - Social


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