Soci 304 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Current Lecturei. James Byrdii. Definitioniii. Culture of Hateiv. Types of Hate Crimes (Levin and McDevitt)v. Hate crime Stats Actvi. Hate Crime DataCurrent LectureJames Byrd- June 7, 1998: midnight- Bill King, Russell Brewer, Shawn Berry rode around in a pickup, drinking and looking for women- Spotted a man on the road- Offered Byrd a ride- 3am: forced him out of the truck, beat him up, sprayed painted his face black- Forced Byrd behind the truck, placed logging chain around him and dragged him for more than 2miles, decapitated him. - Hate crimes have: excessive brutality: the brutality is extreme. Common featureo This crime was between a stranger and a stranger. Illustrates Interchangeability of victims: Byrd was chosen only because he was a black man. Creates fear in a certain group. Perpetrated by multiple offenders. Definitions of Hate Crimes- Hate or bias crimes are violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group merely because the targets share a discernable racial, ethnic, religious or gender characteristics. (Siegel)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- An ordinary crime becomes a hate crime when offenders choose a victim because of some characteristic- ethnicity, race, religion and provide some evidence that hate prompted them to commit the crime- Harlow. Such as a property offense Culture of Hate (Levin and Mcdevitt)- Hatred is expressed in mass cultureo Art, music, religion, humor- Culture of hate: a person’s group affiliation.. continues to provide a basis for dehumanizing and insulting treatment- Culture reflects our attitudes toward a society.- These mass culture can make a person feel alienated from others and dehumanize certain groups- Young people are susceptible to the mass culture, they lack diverse experiences and therefore are more likely to adopt these attitudes Types of Hate Crime- Thrill- seeking: most commono No precipitating incident.o Looking to harass those who are differento Psychological payoff: thrill of making someone suffero Social Payoff: friends may approveo Groups. The leader may be the only one motivated by hate. o Example: two highschool students went to university campus and targeted international students. Approached the students and punched them in the face. Went to another areato do the crime. No economic motivating. They only gain esteem. o Property: o Interchangeability of victims Within group Across groups: vulnerableo Homosexualityo Secondary Victimization - Defensive Hate crimeo Reaction to what the perpetrator considers a precipitating or triggering incident to serve as a catalyst for the expression of their angero See themselves a pillars of the community to defend their communityo Primary victims are people of coloro Their community feels threatened o Target: a particular individual or set of individuals who are perceived to constitute a personal threat o Still an element of interchangeabilityo Victims: it could happen againo Defensive hate crimes: sense of entitlement o They have an economic motivation - Mission Hate Crimeso Rarest kindo Is an attack carried by individuals with a mission, they seek to rid the world of evil by disposing of members of a despised groupo Perpetrator believes he/she has a higher order purpose in carrying out his/her crimeo Seek to eliminate entire category (Holocaust) o Example: Lepine: University of Montreal, engineering school Ordered male students to leave, left female students behind He thought female students had taken his place at the University of Montreal Killed 14 women Committed suicide Wrote a note that made it clear females were targetHate Crime Statistics Act- 1990- Law requires data be gathered about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity- Including where appropriate the crimes of murder, rape, assault, damage- 1994 added disabled groups to be tracked (UCR data)- 2009 Matthew Shepard and Byrd Hate crimes prevention act:o Expands 1969 federal hate crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim’s actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability. Made the law more