PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. IntelligenceOutline of Current Lecture II. Finish intelligenceIII. EmotionsCurrent Lecture-heritability: the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes; variability depends on range of populations and environments studied-If you provide everyone with the exact same upbringing, opportunities, and resources, will this increase or decrease the heritability of intelligence?-answer is increase heritability: no variation in environment, everyone’s intelligence will be due to their genes-puzzles about emotion:-why do some MSU students riot after sporting events?-Why not any random night?-Why after big games?-validity example: effected if you had to smile all 4 times that you fill out survey about professor-theories of emotion: 5 models1. common-sense theory: common sense might suggest that the perception of a stimulus elicits emotion which then causes bodily arousal-ex: tiger popping out at a human, causes fear-stimulus (tiger) perception (interpretation of tiger) emotion (fear) bodily arousal (pounding heart)2. James-Lange theory of emotion: experience is awareness of physiological responses toemotion-arousing stimuli-ex: sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) pounding heart (arousal) fear (emotion)3. Cannon-Bard theory of emotion: emotion-arousing sstimuli simultaneously trigger physiological responses and subjective experience of emotion-ex: sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) pounding heart (arousal) &fear (emotion)-Clicker question: 25 soldiers interviewed with severed spinal cords. Soldiers who couldn’t feel anything below their neck reported less emotional experience. Which theory of emotion does this support?-answer: James-Lange theory4. Schachter’s two factor theory of emotion: to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal-sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) pounding heart (arousal) & cognitive label (I’m afraid) fear (emotion)-support: the Bridge Study, riots5. a modern approach: emotions are evaluative responses involving patterns of components (linked together by evolution because they improved Darwinian fitness)-components include: appraisal (judgment of whether something is good or bad),physiological change, cognitive/attention change, subjective experience, motivation (action tendency, emotions make us want to do something), and expression (communication)-Building a human-the human ancestral past-highly social omnivores-motivated to seek out new food sources-yet at high risk of disease from toxins, contaminants, parasites, and the animals/people that carry them-it was adaptive to be disgust sensitive-amygdala: the brain’s shortcut to emotions-there are certain pathways that bypass conscious thought-there are more pathways from the amygdala to the cortex than from the cortex to the amygdala-quick physiological reaction, slower cognitive reaction-left frontal cortex drives pleasure-seeking, approach behavior-right frontal cortex drives avoidance, withdrawal-evidence from: brain damage, EEG, MRI studies-hemispheric dominance varies in people as a-state: when stressed, depressed, afraid-trait: some people born optimists, some born pessimists-emotions have facial expressions that seem to be inborn-similar across cultures-seen in babies (even blind babies)-may be functional-social: bowlers don’t smile when they get a strike, only when they turn to their friends-sometimes seem to be similar to expressions in other animals-possibly have survival benefits-surprise widens eyes-disgust closes
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