perceptual set afterimages cerebellum proximity precognition Chapter 6 People perceive an adult child pair as looking more alike when told they are parent and child This best illustrates the impact of The opponent process theory is most useful for explaining a characteristic of The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually large when it is near the horizon Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races This undermines their claims to possess the power of If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so you will feel it for only a few moments This best illustrates sensory adaptation Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by cultural experience If a visual image is first presented subliminally the chance of a person later recognizing the same briefly presented image is improved This best illustrates that information can be processed outside of conscious awareness Multiple send combined messages to a bipolar cell whereas a single may link directly to a single bipolar cell rods cone audition ATM machines are more complex than VCRs ever were but are easier to operate thanks to the efforts of human factors psychologists Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect one s Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for parallel processing The rubber hand illusion best illustrates sensory interaction The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens yet we still perceive it as rectangular This illustrates After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative This best illustrates the impact of Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias our perceptions of others behaviors This best illustrates the impact of Grass seen through sunglasses appears equally as green as it does without glasses This best illustrates Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance This provides a cue for depth perception known as perceptual constancy shape constancy perceptual set Top down processing color constancy linear perspective Nociceptors initiate the sensation of pain fovea After some practice Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down This best illustrates perceptual adaptation The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the Interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by top down processing Gestalt psychologists conscious awareness retinal disparity Kinesthesis The phenomenon of blindsight best illustrates that visual information can be processed without The distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as The sensory experience of bending one s knees or raising one s arms exemplifies The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones This best illustrates Weber s law Current understanding of pitch perception indicates that some combination of place and frequency theories seems to handle the pitches in the intermediate range spontaneous recovery observational learning decreases increases Chapter 7 Conditioning seldom occurs when a comes after a n CS US Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin s new cocker spaniel Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle This best illustrates Punishment the rate of operant responding and negative reinforcement the rate of operant responding The predictability of an association between a CS and a US facilitates an organism s ability to anticipate the occurrence of the US This fact is most likely to be highlighted by a perspective cognitive Because she has oversight responsibility for the servicing and repair of her company s fleet of cars Rhonda frequently calls the garage mechanic to inquire whether service on various cars has been completed Because service completion times are unpredictable she is likely to be reinforced with positive responses to her inquiries on a schedule Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them For the dogs the sight of this person was a n variable interval conditioned stimulus Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 50 000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a schedule of reinforcement fixed ratio The law of effect was most clearly highlighted by Skinner s experiments on reinforcement In teaching her son to play basketball Mrs Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still then only for walking while dribbling and finally only for running while dribbling She is using a procedure known as Through direct experience with animals we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp This best illustrates If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light In this case the light is a reinforcer shaping Associative learning conditioned UR Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a John B Watson believed that psychology should be the science of observable behavior A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident Angie still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping This reaction best illustrates To reduce the personally harmful behavior of some self destructive children therapists have squirted water in their faces whenever they bite themselves The squirt of water is a An empathic