PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. SensationOutline of Current Lecture II. Importance of perceptionIII. Process of perceptionCurrent Lecture-The importance of perception-Dealing with everyday life-Justice system-Human factors research-Steps in perception (reminder)-distal stimulus: real tree-proximal stimulus: flat retinal image of a tree-neural impulse, along the optic nerve-sensation: low-level experiences of green and brown-perception: conscious experience of a tree-The miracle of perception:-your slow brain answers questions instantly and accurately; a supercomputer answers slowly and inaccurately-the proximal stimulus does not contain enough information-massive reliance on heuristics (shortcuts)-simultaneous bottom up building up from sensations) and top down (use expectationsand knowledge) processing-First heuristic: only process the important stuff, selective attention-What does the brain do? Answers 3 questions…-what is it? Form perception, bottom up (data driven) processes, top down (conceptuallydriven) processes-where is it? (Depth perception): binocular depth cues: retinal disparity and convergence-what is it doing? Movement vs. stability, color and size constancy-Figure/ground perception: Gestalt psychologists; object of interest / background-Grouping principles: proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness-Context effects: example 11, 12 …13 that also looks like B-Monocular depth clues:-Relative size: smaller image is more distant-interposition: closer object blocks distant object-relative clarity: hazy object seen as more distant-texture: coarse = close, fine = distant-relative height: higher objects seen as more distant-relative motion: closer objects seem to move faster-linear perspective: parallel lines converge with distance-relative brightness: closer objects appear
View Full Document