Prologue Quiz 2 To study inner sensations, images, and feelings, Edward Titchner used a research tool known asIntrospectionWhich school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes?FunctionalismWilhelm Wundt was both aPhysiologist and philosopherThe growth potential of healthy people was emphasized byHumanistic psychologyA study of the relationship between reasoning capacities and brain functions would be of most direct interest toCognitive neuroscienceThe suggestion that psychology is less a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the ________ character of psychology.ScientificIn debating the origins of human traits, Plato and Aristotle disagreed about the relative importance ofNature and nurtureThe importance of inherited behavioral traits was most clearly highlighted byCharles DarwinProfessor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children's susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ________ perspective.Behavior geneticsWhich perspective is most relevant to understanding the links between hormone levels and sexual motivation?NeuroscienceFocusing on the extent to which personality is influenced by motives outside our own awareness is most relevant to the ________ perspective.PsychodynamicThe marriage rituals of different ethnic groups is of most relevance to the _______ perspective.Social-culturalProfessor Helms conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Helms is most likely a ________ psychologist.DevelopmentalProfessor Helms conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Helms is most likely a ________ psychologist.Clinical SQ3R is an acronym for an effectiveStudy methodChapter 1 Quiz 1 & 2To assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation, researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit. In this research, the independent variable consisted ofLevel of sexual stimulationRandom samples provide ________ estimates of population averages if the samples have small ________.Good; standard deviationsThe maximum height of a normal curve corresponds to the ________ of a normal distribution.MeanEthical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators totreat information about individual research participants confidentially.In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleepdeprivation, alertness would be thedependent variableIn drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed toplacebo effects.After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrateshindsight bias.Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption?the experimentThe ________ is a measure of ________.median; central tendencyMr. Brown has gathered evidence that the self-esteem of students is negatively correlated with their typical levels of anxiety. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that self-esteem reduces anxiety, Mr. Brown should first be reminded thatcorrelation does not prove causation.Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using?naturalistic observationA negative correlation between people's work-related stress and their marital happiness would indicate thathigher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of work-related stress.Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will havemore difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example ofA hypothesisJamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "the questions required only common sense." However, they each scored less than 60% on the exam. This best illustratesoverconfidence.In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be theindependent variable.Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true?The case studyResearchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means ofrandom assignment.The ________ can be a particularly misleading indication of what is average for a ________ distribution of scores.mean; skewedThe ________ is a measure of ________.>standard deviation; variationIn a study of factors that might affect memory, research participants were assigned to drink either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test. Those who drank the nonalcoholic beverage were assigned to the ________ group.ControlEvery twenty-fifth person who subscribed to a weekly news magazine was contacted by market researchers to complete a survey of opinions regarding the magazine's contents. The researchers were applying the technique known asRandom samplingSurveys are most likely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control areNegatively correlatedA tendency to notice and remember instances in which our premonitions of disaster are subsequently followed by harmful events is most likely to contribute toillusory correlations.Differences between two samples are LEAST likely to be statistically significant ifthe samples are small and the standard deviations of the samples are large.A correlation of +0.70 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates thathigher levels of popularity among your peers is associated with greater physical height in children.Statistically significant- more/less likely to have occurred by chanceChapter 2 Quiz 1 & 2Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in thesynaptic gaps.Speech is processed primarily in the right hemisphere by the ________ of those who are left-handed and by the ________ of those who are right-handed.Minority;minorityThe successful functioning of children who have experienced the