Chapter 3 quizzes The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated withunconscious mental activity.Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that producesorexinSocial influence explanations and divided-consciousness explanations are converging toward a unified account ofhypnosis.A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep.REMStaying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence onthe circadian rhythm.Sleepwalking is most likely to be associated with ________ sleep.Stage 4Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory bydecreasing REM sleep.The experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered byLSDDrivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also talking on a cellphone. This best illustrates the impact ofselective attention.The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams.Freud's wish-fulfillmentWhich of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity?Sleep apneaDissociation has been used as an explanation forhypnotic pain relief.Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and a(n) ________ in mental alertness.Decrease; increase As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs oftolerance.Research most clearly disputes claims ofage regression.Dr. Brooks seeks to account for the substance abuse of her therapy clients in terms of their abusive home environments, their limited sense of life purpose, and the altered functioning of their neurotransmitter systems. Dr. Brooks is most clearly using a(n) ________ approach to understanding addictive behaviors.biopsychosocialThose who complain of insomnia typically _______ how long it actually takes them to fall asleep and ________ how long they actually slept.overestimate; underestimateThe five-stage sleep cycle provides an example ofbiological rhythms.Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to suppression of the immune systemWhich sleep disorder is most likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking? night terrorsA car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengersbest illustrates the importance ofdual processing.People who claim to have been abducted by space aliens-often shortly after going to bed-commonly recall being floated off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated ________ into their memories.hypnagogic sensationsThe large, slow brain waves associated with Stage 4 sleep are calleddelta wavesThe activation-synthesis theory provides a physiological explanation fordreamingWhich of the following psychoactive drugs produces the quickest and most powerful rush of euphoria?CocaineBright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of melatonin.The experience of physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrateswithdrawal.Selective attention is best illustrated bychange blindness.In an experiment, hypnotized subjects are told to scratch their ear if they hear the word psychology mentioned later. The fact that they do so only if they think the experiment is still under way most clearly supports the theory that hypnosis involvesrole-playing.Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced byoxygen deprivation.Chapter 4 quizzes Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins aremore similar in their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and more similar in risk of being emotionally unstable.The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of natural selection.Compared with males, females are more likely to base their sense of personal identity on theirsocial relationships.Premature babies are especially likely to gain weight if stimulated bytouch and massage.Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of temperament.Over the last century, Western parents have placed ________ priority on teaching children to respect and obey parents and ________ priority on teaching them loyalty to their country.decreasing; decreasingWhich of the following is a major source of genetic diversity?mutationsAdoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.personality traitsDisplays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who valuecollectivism.Concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our perceptions are called genderschemas.An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called thegenome.It has been suggested that older men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustratesan evolutionary perspective.At a social gathering, Latin Americans may behave in a manner that North Americans consider intrusive and overly expressive. This best illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differingnorms.In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance ofnature-nurture interactions.The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is calledgender typing.Chromosomes are composed ofdeoxyribonucleic acid.The dramatic increase in Americans' premarital sexual activity over the past half-century best illustrates that sexual behavior is influenced by norms.Identifying some of the specific genes that contribute to alcohol dependence would be of most direct interest tomolecular geneticists.Studies of the relative impact of nature and nurture on human differences in aggressiveness best illustrate the research efforts ofbehavior geneticists.Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates the impact ofgender schemasevolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights togenetic predispositions.In the United States 30 years ago, men were expected to initiate dates and women to select wedding gifts. This best illustrates aspects ofgender roles.By